Degradation of chlorpyrifos by an endophytic bacterium of the Sphingomonas genus (strain HJY) isolated from Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)

The degradation of chlorpyrifos (CP) by an endophytic bacterial strain (HJY) isolated from Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng) was investigated. Strain HJY was identified as Sphingomonas sp. based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and a 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Approximately 96% of 20 mg L^?1 CP was degraded by strain HJY over 15 days in liquid minimal salts medium (MSM). The CP degradation rate could also be increased by glucose supplementation. The optimal conditions for the removal of 20 mg L^?1 CP by strain HJY in MSM were 2% inoculum density, pH 6.0, and 30–35°C. The CP degradation rate constant and half-life were 0.2136 ± 0.0063 d^?1 and 3.2451 ± 0.0975 d, respectively, under these conditions, but were raised to 0.7961 ± 0.1925 d^?1 and 0.8707 ± 0.3079 d with 1% glucose supplementation. The detection of metabolic products and screening for degrading genes indicated that O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridinol was the major degradation product from CP, while it was likely that some functional genes were undetected and the mechanism responsible for CP degradation by strain HJY remained unknown. Strain HJY is potentially useful for the reduction of CP residues in Chinese chives and may be used for the in situ phytoremediation of CP.     

Effect of endophyte-infection on growth parameters and Cd-induced phytotoxicity of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L

The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of endophytic bacterium inoculation on plant growth and assess the possible mechanism of endophyte in heavy metal phytoremediation. Seeds of Solanum nigrum L. were inoculated with endophyte Serratia nematodiphila LRE07 and were subjected to Cd in the growing medium. Cd produced a significant inhibition on plant growth and a reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The inoculation of endophytic bacterium alleviated the Cd-induced changes, resulting in more biomass production and higher photosynthetic pigments content of leaves compared with non-symbiotic ones. The beneficial effect was more obvious at relatively low Cd concentration (10 μM). Based on the alteration of nutrient uptake and activated oxygen metabolism in infected plants, the possible mechanisms of endophytic bacterium in Cd phytotoxicity reduction can be concluded as uptake enhancement of essential mineral nutrition and improvement in the antioxidative enzymes activities in infected plant.     

混合硫酸盐还原菌代谢过程的影响因素

采用间歇实验,研究不同初始pH、Fe2+投加量、COD/SO24-及NO3-/SO24-比值等因素对SRB还原硫酸盐效果与速率的影响。实验结果表明:中性条件下(pH=7),硫酸盐的去除效果最佳,去除率达到84.66%,还原速率为15.07 mg/(L.h),在初始pH为4～9的范围内,体系具有较好的缓冲能力;当COD/SO24-比值为3时,反应209 h,硫酸盐去除率为85.33%,还原速率为8.16 mg/(L.h),随着反应的进行,体系的pH趋于中性;当溶液中有亚铁离子存在,且浓度为0～200 mg/L时可促进硫酸盐还原菌的生长,提高其对硫酸盐的去除率;NO3-对硫酸盐的还原有明显的抑制作用。     

Novel enzymatic activity of cell free extract from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 catalyzes reductive cleavage of diaryl ether bonds of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

We characterized the ability of the cell free extract from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins degrading bacterium Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 to reduce even highly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins such as octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in incineration fly ash. The degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) as a model dioxin catalyzed by the cell free extract from this strain implicates that the ether bonds of 2,7-DCDD molecule undergo reductive cleavage, since 4′,5-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 4-chlorophenol were detected as intermediate products of 2,7-DCDD degradation.     

3株油脂化工废水降解菌的分离鉴定

本研究从油脂化工废水处理装置中分离到３ 株降解脂肪酸和脂肪胺的功能菌,所筛选菌株对油脂化工生产废水有较好降解能力,其中 Ｆ Ａ２ 菌株对 Ｃ１８ 烯酸和 Ｃ１８ 伯胺作用４８ ｈ 的降解率分别为８８ ．８ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ ．３株细菌分别归类于葡萄球菌属（ Ｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ） 和棒状菌群     

改性聚丙烯酰胺固定化苯酚降解菌的研究

利用自制的改性聚丙烯酰胺为载体包埋苯酚降解菌,考查了该载体对细胞性能的影响,比较了4种固定化方法--改性聚丙烯酰胺法、聚丙烯酰胺法、海藻酸钙法和聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙法包埋微生物细胞的优劣.实验结果表明,单体丙烯酰胺经改性后制得的改性聚丙烯酰胺对微生物细胞活性无影响.以其为载体固定苯酚降解菌,其细胞相对活性比聚丙烯酰胺法高出了42.4%;比海藻酸钙法高出了16.4%;比聚乙烯醇.海藻酸钙法高出了44.3%,表明改性聚丙烯酰胺包埋细胞更有利于细胞的增殖和活性恢复.重复应用实验表明,改性聚丙烯酰胺法得到的细胞凝胶,机械强度好,有弹性,可多次重复利用.改性聚丙烯酰胺作为细胞固定化载体其优点是交联速度快、聚合放热温度低、在侧链发生交联反应、抗水解能力强、无毒、凝胶寿命长.     

厌氧硫酸盐还原-氨氧化的研究

采用厌氧序批式反应器,在无机营养条件下培养历时354 d,成功实现了SO2-4和NH+4的同步生物去除。结果表明,提高进水的TN负荷有利于促进硫酸盐还原-氨氧化的发生,当进水TN负荷提高到120 mg/(L·d)时,对TN的平均去除速率和硫酸盐硫的平均去除速率达到了最大,分别为64.43 mg/(L·d)和44.82 mg/(L·d);在同步生物脱氮除硫前期生成了大量的NO-3-N,平均浓度为53.88 mg/L,远大于由Anammox反应生成的量,推测部分NO-3是直接由NH+4和SO2-4发生氧化还原反应生成。该体系中存在单质硫的自养反硝化,可以解释反应后期硫酸盐重生成的现象。     

一株对硫磷降解菌的诱变复壮研究

从长期施用对硫磷的土壤中筛选分离出1株能以对硫磷为唯一C源的菌株D10,研究微生物对有机磷农药的降解作用.鉴定表明,D10为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)微生物,该菌株对农药对硫磷的最大耐受质量浓度为1 800 mg/L,但D10对农药对硫磷的降解率仅为25%.本文通过D10诱变复壮试验提高对硫磷降解率,结果表明,经紫外线(18 W)辐照10 s后,D10对农药对硫磷降解率提高至49.1%; 用0.8%盐酸羟胺溶液振荡处理30 min后,降解率为69.6%; 用60%土壤浸出液振荡培养48 h后,降解率为53.9%.对D10进行上述条件下的复合诱变,对硫磷降解率可达到82.8%.高效降解菌的选育为提高微生物对农药的降解奠定了基础.此外,通过改进有机磷农药萃取的前处理方法,使紫外分光光度法检测简便、精确,与气相色谱法检测结果拟合较好,具有一定实用价值.