深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913胞外多糖对Pb2+和Cu2+的吸附性能研究

采用深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913分泌的胞外多糖（EPS）分别对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺进行吸附,研究了多糖用量、pH、吸附时间和共存离子对EPS吸附性能的影响及EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附热力学.结果表明,EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附量随EPS投加量的增加而减小.EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最佳吸附pH分别为4.5～5.5和4.5～6.0. EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附平衡时间为90　min,对Pb²⁺的吸附平衡时间则长达180　min.共存离子Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺的加入均降低了EPS对Pb²⁺的吸附量,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的加入降低了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量,但低浓度的Na⁺和实验范围浓度的K⁺不仅没有降低反而增加了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量.Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich方程均能较好地描述SM9913胞外多糖吸附Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的热力学过程,由Dubinin-Radushkevich方程得到SM9913胞外多糖对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最大吸附量分别为243.3 mg/g (10℃) 和36.7 mg/g (40℃).胞外多糖吸附金属离子前后的红外光谱分析表明,多聚糖中C—O—C、乙酰基和羟基是起主要吸附作用的官能团.     

Characterization of the e ective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.     

Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China

Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0 106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.     

微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原及其作用机制研究

微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原是一个重要的生物及地球化学过程.文章围绕异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原细菌系统介绍了其代谢机理,对微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原在地球化学中元素迁移和有机污染治理等环境修复方面的作用进行评述和展望.     

再生水中弗氏柠檬酸杆菌生物膜特性研究

从使用再生水的某电厂冷却塔粘泥中分离出一株具有硫酸盐还原功能的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对再生水中HSn70-1A和BFe30-1-1两种合金表面弗氏柠檬酸杆菌生物膜结构和成分进行表征,结果表明HSn70-1A成膜特性好于BFe30-1-1,两种合金表面生物膜中C、O等无机元素含量较...     

塔中油田硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖机理分析＊

硫酸盐还原菌等的恶性繁殖使油田生产管线设施腐蚀破坏、结垢堵塞,注入地层后对油层造成伤害。研究发现,塔中油田联合站水体可检测SRB菌数高达2.5×104个/mL,注水管垢含FeS高达29.8%,属硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖代谢产物。塔中油田水系统各主要环节中硫酸盐还原菌和硫化氢含量与油田水处理工艺特点密切相关,其中塔中油田联合站完全密闭的水处理压力流程是造成该站硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖的主要原因。实验表明,前端适度曝氧、添加H2O2等氧化性杀菌剂和300mg/L冲击式加药等都是抑制硫酸盐还原菌的有效方法。     

顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌发酵条件优化

为提高重组大肠杆菌中顺丁烯二酸异构酶表达量,通过正交试验设计,对工程菌的生长条件和目的蛋白可溶表达条件进行优化.采用250 mL三角瓶中装有50 mL(Amp 100 mg L-1)的培养基,分别研究培养基中葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母浸粉的浓度,培养基pH值以及摇床转速、装液量、接种量等对蛋白可溶表达量的影响.确定顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌最优化培养基为:蛋白胨20 g L-1、酵母浸粉2.5 g L-1、K2HPO4·3H2O 3.0 g L-1、KH2PO4 1.5 g L-1、NaCl 6 g L-1、MgSO43 g L-1,培养基pH调至6.5.确定顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌可溶性表达最优条件为:37℃下培养至D600 nm值为1.0时,添加终浓度为0.05 mmol L-1的IPTG进行诱导,诱导温度37℃,摇床转速220 r min-1,装液量20%,接种量5%,诱导时长为6 h.利用BioFlo 415发酵罐以最优化的培养基和发酵条件对该工程菌进行了3批发酵实验,与摇瓶实验相比,顺丁烯二酸异构酶的表达量提高了近1.5倍,单位发酵液的酶活力由46 U mL-1发酵液提高到78 U mL-1发酵液.以上数据为顺丁烯二酸异构酶重组工程菌的中试发酵奠定了基础.图7表2参17     

硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从浙江华海药业污水处理系统中分离得到一株硫氧化细菌T3,基于形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列系统学分析和Biolog鉴定系统分析,鉴定该菌株为根瘤菌属.摇瓶实验结果表明,T3生物降解最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH值为8.0,外加氯化铵、碳源对菌株生长及硫化钠降解有促进作用,驯化后的硫氧化细菌对硫化钠有很强的耐受能力,最优生长条件下,2 d内菌株T3能将400 mg/L以下浓度的硫化钠降解彻底,是一株有应用前景的硫氧化细菌.通过测定代谢过程中各种物质的含量,确定该菌株对硫化钠的去除机理为S2-→S2O32-/S0→SO32-→SO42-.图8表1参18     

硝酸盐抑制油田采出水中硫酸盐还原菌活性研究

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的生长代谢可导致油藏酸化,进而引发一系列环境和腐蚀等问题.硝酸盐(NO-3)补加及对硝酸盐还原菌(NRB)的调控是抑制SRB活性进而控制油藏酸化的重要策略.本研究从大庆油田水驱采出液中分离筛选出了1株兼性自养的NRB菌株DNB-8,并分析了在有机碳源充足的条件下不同浓度的NO-3结合使用该菌株抑制SRB富集培养物SO2-4还原活性的作用效果与机制.结果表明,浓度≤1.0 mmol·L-1的NO-3无法抑制SRB的SO2-4还原活性;NO-3浓度>1.0mmol·L-1或NO-2浓度>0.45 mmol·L-1均可有效抑制SRB的SO2-4还原活性.此时,NRB对有机碳源的竞争以及在利用NO-3的同时产生的NO-2是抑制SRB活性的主要机制.另外,大庆油田采出水中SRB富集培养物的细胞内存在异化NO-3还原生成NH+4的代谢途径(NO-2为中间产物).当NO-3浓度较高时,SRB可能通过该代谢途径减轻NO-2引起的抑制效应.     

硫酸盐还原反应器污泥驯化过程中微生物群落变化分析

采用PCR-DGGE技术,对硫酸盐还原反应器UASB污泥驯化过程中微生物群落的变化进行了分析.结果表明,污泥驯化过程中,微生物群落生物多样性与反应器硫酸盐及COD去除率呈明显的正相关,微生物群落Shannon指数大于3.45时,反应器硫酸盐去除率稳定在95%左右;对DGGE图谱中优势条带进行回收克隆并测序表明,污泥中微生物群落主要包含Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Deinococcus-Thermus和Chloroflexi这4大类群,分别占总数的50.0%、28.6%、14.3%和7.1%;其中厌氧发酵细菌Clostridium sp.在驯化全过程中均占优势,但优势菌群的种类发生变化;厌氧细菌Chloroflexi sp.、Geopsychrobacter sp.等在污泥驯化过程中曾成为优势菌群但之后消亡;厌氧细菌Geobacter sp.则在污泥驯化过程中逐渐成为优势菌群;Desulfovibrio sp.在污泥驯化的最后2个阶段成为优势菌.