1株溶藻菌的部分生物学特性及溶鱼腥藻作用

从淡水湖泊(武汉东湖)水样中成功筛选出1株具有溶藻特性的细菌,编号为A01.显微镜和电镜观察结果表明,菌株A01形态为杆状,长约1.5μm,宽约0.45μm,无鞭毛结构.革兰氏染色及16S rDNA的分子鉴定结果表明,该菌呈革兰氏阴性,属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.).溶藻实验结果表明,菌株A01能有效溶解鱼腥藻(Anabaena eucompacta),向对数生长的鱼腥藻藻液中加入A01培养上清或菌体、并培养7 d后,鱼腥藻培养液的叶绿素a去除率分别为77%和61%.显微观察结果表明,与菌株A01的培养上清共培养3 d后的鱼腥藻细胞几乎都被破坏,而与菌体共孵育5 d后的鱼腥藻细胞才有明显裂解.这些结果表明,不动杆菌菌株A01的溶藻作用主要与其培养上清中的有效成分有关,不动杆菌菌株A01可分泌能有效溶解鱼腥藻的活性物质.     

深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913胞外多糖对Pb2+和Cu2+的吸附性能研究

采用深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913分泌的胞外多糖（EPS）分别对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺进行吸附,研究了多糖用量、pH、吸附时间和共存离子对EPS吸附性能的影响及EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附热力学.结果表明,EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附量随EPS投加量的增加而减小.EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最佳吸附pH分别为4.5～5.5和4.5～6.0. EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附平衡时间为90　min,对Pb²⁺的吸附平衡时间则长达180　min.共存离子Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺的加入均降低了EPS对Pb²⁺的吸附量,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的加入降低了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量,但低浓度的Na⁺和实验范围浓度的K⁺不仅没有降低反而增加了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量.Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich方程均能较好地描述SM9913胞外多糖吸附Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的热力学过程,由Dubinin-Radushkevich方程得到SM9913胞外多糖对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最大吸附量分别为243.3 mg/g (10℃) 和36.7 mg/g (40℃).胞外多糖吸附金属离子前后的红外光谱分析表明,多聚糖中C—O—C、乙酰基和羟基是起主要吸附作用的官能团.     

用于高矿化度含油废水处理的高效菌株的分离及特性研究

从某高矿化度含油废水中筛选得到两株有效去除废水中有机物的高效降解菌株L1和Yj。通过VITEKTWO鉴定系统初步鉴定,得出LI为放射型根瘤菌（Rhizobium radiobacter）Yj为少见罗尔斯顿茼（Ralstonia paucula）。研究得到两株菌在pH为7、温度为40℃时生物量最大,两株菌在此条件培养下以1：1质量比复配投加对含油废水的有机物降解率在3h达39％,在6h达53％,提高了生物法处理含油废水的降解效率。     

硫酸盐还原菌修复污染土壤过程中镉的地球化学形态分布变化

利用Tessier五步连续提取法作为分析手段,研究了硫酸盐还原菌对不同污染程度土壤中镉的地球化学形态分布的影响.研究结果表明,在受镉污染的土壤中,可交换态是镉存在的主要形态.土壤中镉在硫酸盐还原菌的作用下,总量没有发生变化,但地球化学形态发生显著变化,从不稳定的可交换态转化为更加稳定的铁锰氧化物结合态,可交换态的去除率可达60%～80%;镉形态的变化使土壤中镉的生物町利用性发生了明显的变化,易利用态的比例明显下降,达到了修复效果.在修复过程中,镉对硫酸盐还原菌活性的抑制作用不同.利用硫酸盐还原菌修复重金属污染的土壤,具有修复效率相对较高、技术简便的优点,是一种有广阔应用前景的修复方法.     

微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原及其作用机制研究

微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原是一个重要的生物及地球化学过程.文章围绕异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原细菌系统介绍了其代谢机理,对微生物异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原在地球化学中元素迁移和有机污染治理等环境修复方面的作用进行评述和展望.     

Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China

Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0 106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.     

Characterization of the e ective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.     

真/细菌对疏水性有机物的吸附及其表面特性

比较了干燥后真菌Ophiostoma stenoceras LLC和细菌Pseudomonas veronii ZW菌体细胞的比表面积及其对不同疏水性有机化合物吸附性能,并利用BET、红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线电子能谱（XPS）对细胞表面进行了分析.结果表明,真菌LLC和细菌ZW菌体细胞的比表面积分别为15.8m²/g,11.57m²/g,真菌菌体细胞表面介孔较多,可以更有效地吸附有机化合物.在相同的生长阶段,真菌LLC的细胞表面疏水性（cell surfacehydrophobic,CSH）始终要大于细菌ZW;采用α-蒎烯作为唯一碳源培养时,处于对数生长期的真菌和细菌的CSH均有不同提升.干燥后真菌LLC菌体对各疏水性有机化合物吸附能力为乙酸乙酯> α-蒎烯>正己烷,即疏水性相对较低的化合物更容易被吸附.通过XPS和FTIR表征发现菌体LLC吸附有机化合物后,菌体表面的官能团位置未发生明显变化,推测该吸附过程是物理吸附.     

基于硫循环的烟气生化脱硫及硫磺回收的过程机理

以元素硫的地球化学循环为指导,系统研究硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）生化代谢产物还原性硫化物与亚硫酸根的反应过程机理及产物形态.结果表明,在生化烟气脱硫及硫回收反应体系中,pH=（4.04±0.10）、ORP=（-134±17mV）时硫磺产量最大,硫磺产率大于40%;SO₂（aq）-S^2-（aq）体系证明pH=（3.99±0.21）、ORP=（-159±40）mV、SO₃^2-/ΣS^2-物质的量比约1：1时为产硫磺最佳条件区间;S₂O₃^2-与S^2-的产硫磺反应为副反应,有利于硫磺的产生;近中性条件下硫磺的消耗归因于产多硫化物和连多硫酸盐反应的进行;SO₂（aq）-S^2-（aq）体系和生化体系的固体产物表征分析为球状高纯斜方硫,生化体系产生的硫磺被胞外多聚物粘附裹挟.     

丁二腈高效降解菌的筛选及其降解性

以丁二腈为唯一碳源和氮源,从石化腈纶废水及其处理构筑物的生物膜中,分离、筛选出2株高效降解丁二腈的菌株:J-1-3和J-13-1.经形态学观察和生理生化特征研究,两者均被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.).通过摇瓶试验得出2菌株的最适生长条件:温度为30℃,摇床转速(间接反映通气量)为250 r/min,接种量为0.1%,初始pH为6.在最适生长条件下,分别对不同初始浓度丁二腈进行降解率试验.结果表明,2菌株对丁二腈的降解能力强,尤以J-13-1更为显著.当丁二腈的初始浓度约为6000mg/L、8000mg/L和10000mg/L时,J-13-1菌株对丁二腈的降解率分别在12.5h、14h和16h时达到100%.