Reduction–melting combined with a Na2CO3 flux recycling process for lead recovery from cathode ray tube funnel glass

With large quantity of flux (Na₂CO₃), lead can be recovered from the funnel glass of waste cathode-ray tubes via reduction–melting at 1000 °C. To reduce flux cost, a technique to recover added flux from the generated oxide phase is also important in order to recycle the flux recovered from the reduction–melting process. In this study, the phase separation of sodium and the crystallization of water-soluble sodium silicates were induced after the reduction–melting process to enhance the leachability of sodium in the oxide phase and to extract the sodium from the phase for the recovery of Na₂CO₃ as flux. A reductive atmosphere promoted the phase separation and crystallization, and the leachability of sodium from the oxide phase was enhanced. The optimum temperature and treatment time for increasing the leachability were 700 °C and 2 h, respectively. After treatment, more than 90% of the sodium in the oxide phase was extracted in water. NaHCO₃ can be recovered by carbonization of the solution containing sodium ions using carbon dioxide gas, decomposed to Na₂CO₃ at 50 °C and recycled for use in the reduction–melting process.     

Environmental & economic life cycle assessment of current & future sewage sludge to energy technologies

The UK Water Industry currently generates approximately 800 GW h pa of electrical energy from sewage sludge. Traditionally energy recovery from sewage sludge features Anaerobic Digestion (AD) with biogas utilisation in combined heat and power (CHP) systems. However, the industry is evolving and a number of developments that extract more energy from sludge are either being implemented or are nearing full scale demonstration. This study compared five technology configurations: 1 – conventional AD with CHP, 2 – Thermal Hydrolysis Process (THP) AD with CHP, 3 – THP AD with bio-methane grid injection, 4 – THP AD with CHP followed by drying of digested sludge for solid fuel production, 5 – THP AD followed by drying, pyrolysis of the digested sludge and use of the both the biogas and the pyrolysis gas in a CHP.The economic and environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) found that both the post AD drying options performed well but the option used to create a solid fuel to displace coal (configuration 4) was the most sustainable solution economically and environmentally, closely followed by the pyrolysis configuration (5). Application of THP improves the financial and environmental performance compared with conventional AD. Producing bio-methane for grid injection (configuration 3) is attractive financially but has the worst environmental impact of all the scenarios, suggesting that the current UK financial incentive policy for bio-methane is not driving best environmental practice. It is clear that new and improving processes and technologies are enabling significant opportunities for further energy recovery from sludge; LCA provides tools for determining the best overall options for particular situations and allows innovation resources and investment to be focused accordingly.     

Microsatellite analysis provides efficient confirmation of fetal trophoblast isolation from maternal circulation

Fetal trophoblasts can be found in maternal circulation from an early stage of pregnancy and thus provide a potential source of DNA for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. We have developed a two-step method for trophoblast isolation between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy. Blood was sampled from 14 women undergoing termination of pregnancy or spontaneous abortion. Immunomagnetic beads precoated with HLA class I and II, and with anti-cytokeratin-18 monoclonal antibodies, were used to remove CD8+ and other maternal cells, and to select for fetal trophoblasts, respectively. Microsatellite analysis was performed on DNA extracted from the isolated, maternal, paternal and placental cells after PCR amplification. Recovery of the trophoblasts was confirmed in 13/14 cases (93%) by the identification of an identical microsatellite pattern for fetal and placental cells. Further evidence was the presence of heterozygous alleles of both maternal and paternal origin. The correct prediction of gender in all five male fetuses was an additional confirmation of trophoblast recovery. We conclude that trophoblasts can be effectively isolated from maternal blood in the first trimester, and by using polymorphic microsatellite markers to confirm sample purity, this method has potential future application in prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油脂废水处理方法探讨

针对油脂废水处理加石灰产生二次污染提出改进方法,采用厌氧技术用硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-ReductionBacteria,SRB)降解硫酸根,并在探讨性试验中得到初步验证。     

半干法脱硫除尘装置的研究及工业性试验

石灰乳喷雾干燥法脱硫，再配上双筒旋风高效除尘装置，实现了中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫、除尘双功能一步法，克服了湿法脱硫常见的二次污染的问题。同时，运行费用低廉操作方便，占地面积小，设备阻力小。     

燃煤过程硫同位素分馏效应及其环境意义

世界范围内燃煤而释放的二氧化硫气体和颗粒物,严重地扰动了硫的全球环境地球化学循环,是导致全球性大气污染和酸沉降的重要原因.为定量地评估人为活动释放硫和天然生物成因硫对全球环境质量的相对影响,稳定硫同位素示踪技术是一新的发展方向.     

化成箔厂腐蚀废酸回收利用技术经济可行性研究

化成箔厂因腐蚀铝箔而产生大量废酸,本文利用扩散渗析工作原理对废酸进行回收,不仅减少对水环境的污染,而且对企业具有较好的经济效益,有利于企业和社会的可持续发展.     

用二氧化硫处理含铬废水

采用二氧化作还原剂,处理高浓度大流量含铬废水,除铬效果良好,进水中产价铬含量为９０．０－４３０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ时,经还原,沉淀处理后,出水中六价铬含量均可达到排放标准,该工艺基本上实现了二氧化硫的闭路循环,排放尾气中二氧化硫含量〈１５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。