含氟化物及沥青的烟尘治理

铝厂排出的含有氟、氟化物、沥青的烟气及粉尘、使植物、家畜受到危害,引起氟中毒。应用沥青混凝聚装置和静电回收净化技术,既能净化有害烟气又能回收有价值的工业原料。     

赖氨酸废水的处理和氨回收

对赖氨酸浓废水调 p H沉淀处理后的澄清水进行预处理 :先加入石灰乳 ,搅拌、沉淀 ,SO42 -从 2 0 0 0 0 m g/ L 左右降至 130 0 mg/ L 左右 ,去除率为 94%左右 ,然后进行空气吹脱 ,NH3- N从 5 0 0 0 mg/ L左右降至 80 m g/ L左右 ,去除率 >98%。吹脱出水经厌氧生化处理后 ,再进行空气吹脱 ,NH3- N从 70 0 mg/ L 左右降至 85 mg/ L 左右 ,去除率 >86 %。再吹脱出水与稀废水混合后进行好氧生化和 A/ O、O系统处理 ,出水的 COD<10 0 m g/ L,BOD5<2 0 mg/ L,SS<70 mg/ L,NH3- N<2 5 m g/ L。对浓废水与石灰乳混合后搅拌过程中及两次空气吹脱过程中挥发的 NH3进行回收 ,将其与 H2 SO4反应 ,生成的 (NH4) 2 SO4回用于生产     

Deposition Velocities of SO2 and O3 over Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems

The results of field studies that measured the flux anddeposition velocity of SO₂ and O₃ are reported. Three of the studies were over agricultural crops (pasture, corn, and soybean), and two were over forest (a deciduous forest and a mixed coniferous–deciduous forest). In all cases the deposition velocity for SO₂ was higher than that for O₃. Diurnal cycles of SO₂ deposition velocity were similar in shape, but not magnitude for all surfaces; however those for O₃ showed some difference between forest sites where the peak was in the morning, and the agricultural sites where the peak occurred at mid-day. Seasonal cycles of SO₂ were affected by deposition to surfaces when leaves were not active, yet surface conductance is significant, but not for O₃ where stomatal uptake is the primary pathway for deposition.(On assignment to the National Exposure Research Lab., US EPA) (e-mail:     

二氧化硫和铅联合染毒对小鼠遗传物质的损伤

运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了SO₂和醋酸铅亚急性联合染毒对雄性小鼠脑、肺、脾、肾细胞DNA的损伤.结果表明,在42mg/m³ SO₂和0.2%醋酸铅单独及联合作用下,小鼠脑、肺、肾、脾细胞DNA迁移距离均比对照组显著增加,而且铅可以加剧SO₂对脑、肾、脾细胞核DNA的损伤程度;SO₂对肺细胞核DNA的损伤程度要比铅的损伤大,小鼠肺细胞核DNA迁移距离在SO₂和醋酸铅联合作用组与醋酸铅单独作用组间有极显著性差异(P<0.01),而与SO₂单独作用组间没有显著性差异.SO₂和醋酸铅均可引起小鼠组织细胞的DNA损伤,它们对脑、肺、脾、肾的损伤程度不同,在一定条件下存在明显的协同效应,可以增强彼此的毒性作用.这意味着SO₂和铅均有引起哺乳动物细胞基因突变的潜在危险,大气SO₂污染与铅的污染可能加剧某些疾病的发生与发展.     

燃煤锅炉氨法烟气脱硫

以云南解化集团75t h煤粉炉氨法烟气脱硫工程为例,研究了氨法脱硫的工艺及在燃煤锅炉装置上的应用,监测结果表明:脱硫装置投运后,系统平均脱硫效率达到95 . 92 % ,锅炉烟气中SO2 排放浓度降到135mg m3以下,大大低于排放标准。在此还对运行指标、处理效果及存在问题进行了分析。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势

本文综述了我国城市生活垃圾的常规处理方法,根据垃圾处理的无害化、减量化、资源化原则,分析了在垃圾处理过程中存在的主要问题,并论述了垃圾处理的发展趋势。     

Climate Change,Marine Environments,and the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Climate change is expected to be a top driver of global biodiversity loss in the 21st century. It poses new challenges to conserving and managing imperiled species, particularly in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The use of climate‐related science in statutorily driven species management, such as under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), is in its early stages. This article provides an overview of ESA processes, with emphasis on the mandate to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to manage listed marine, estuarine, and anadromous species. Although the ESA is specific to the United States, its requirements are broadly relevant to conservation planning. Under the ESA, species, subspecies, and “distinct population segments” may be listed as either endangered or threatened, and taking of most listed species (harassing, harming, pursuing, wounding, killing, or capturing) is prohibited unless specifically authorized via a case‐by‐case permit process. Government agencies, in addition to avoiding take, must ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or conduct are not likely to jeopardize a listed species’ continued existence or adversely affect designated critical habitat. Decisions for which climate change is likely to be a key factor include: determining whether a species should be listed under the ESA, designating critical habitat areas, developing species recovery plans, and predicting whether effects of proposed human activities will be compatible with ESA‐listed species’ survival and recovery. Scientific analyses that underlie these critical conservation decisions include risk assessment, long‐term recovery planning, defining environmental baselines, predicting distribution, and defining appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Although specific guidance is still evolving, it is clear that the unprecedented changes in global ecosystems brought about by climate change necessitate new information and approaches to conservation of imperiled species. El Cambio Climático, los Ecosistemas Marinos y el Acta Estadunidense de Especies en Peligro     

上海市废弃电器电子产品回收现状及分析

基于废弃电器电子产品产生量大、价值高、危害性强等特点,阐述了对它们进行回收处理的必然性。文中在调研上海市废弃电器电子产品回收量、预测其产生量的基础上,阐明了在家电以旧换新的政策下上海市废弃电器电子产品具有很高回收率以及废弃电视机的所占比例极高的特点,并分析了产生这种现象的原因。     

Bayesian Decision Analysis for Evaluating Management Options to Promote Recovery of a Depleted Salmon Population

Abstract:  The endangered population of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada, migrates through commercial fishing areas along with other, much more abundant sockeye salmon populations, but it is not feasible to selectively harvest only the latter, abundant populations. This situation creates controversial trade-offs between recovery actions and economic revenue. We conducted a Bayesian decision analysis to evaluate options for recovery of Cultus Lake sockeye salmon. We used a stochastic population model that included 2 sources of uncertainty that are often omitted from such analyses: structural uncertainty in the magnitude of a potential Allee effect and implementation uncertainty (the deviation between targets and actual outcomes of management actions). Numerous state-dependent, time-independent management actions meet recovery objectives. These actions prescribe limitations on commercial harvest rates as a function of abundance of Cultus Lake sockeye salmon. We also quantified how much reduction in economic value of commercial harvests of the more abundant sockeye salmon populations would be expected for a given increase in the probability of recovery of the Cultus population. Such results illustrate how Bayesian decision analysis can rank options for dealing with conservation risks and can help inform trade-off discussions among decision makers and among groups that have competing objectives.     

Energy-efficient modification of reduction-melting for lead recovery from cathode ray tube funnel glass

Lead can be recovered from funnel glass of waste cathode ray tubes via reduction melting. While low-temperature melting is necessary for reduced energy consumption, previously proposed methods required high melting temperatures (1400 °C) for the reduction melting. In this study, the reduction melting of the funnel glass was performed at 900–1000 °C using a lab-scale reactor with varying concentrations of Na₂CO₃ at different melting temperatures and melting times. The optimum Na₂CO₃ dosage and melting temperature for efficient lead recovery was 0.5 g per 1 g of the funnel glass and 1000 °C respectively. By the reduction melting with the mentioned conditions, 92% of the lead in the funnel glass was recovered in 60 min. However, further lead recovery was difficult because the rate of the lead recovery decreased as with the recovery of increasing quantity of the lead from the glass. Thus, the lead remaining in the glass after the reduction melting was extracted with 1 M HCl, and the lead recovery improved to 98%.