污灌过程丫靛橙快速除硫及其转化过程研究

污水污灌一直是灌区农业灌溉的一种重要形式,但由于系统接纳污水的成分复杂,也常常带来灌溉风险。主要针对污灌水体中的硫离子给水稻带来的危害,提出利用光敏剂快速除硫的可能性。土柱实验发现,光敏剂在土壤中的吸附符合Langmuir等温式Qeq=3.81Ce/(1+1.293Ce),当其加入量为10μmol/L,光照强度为3000lx时,S2-的去除率为87.5%;光照强度为2000lx时,S2-的去除率为78.1%,而完成该过程仅需要30min,并且光敏剂也不会给环境带来二次污染。     

寡养单胞菌对S2-氧化特性及主要代谢途径

以无机硫（S²）^-为目标污染物,从北京东沙河黑臭水体筛选出一株能够高效氧化S^2-的土著硫氧化菌,并对其进行16S rRNA测序及生理生化特性鉴定,结果表明,该菌株属于寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）,命名为Stenotrophomonas sp.sp3.菌株sp3在温度25℃,初始pH值7.0,初始葡萄糖浓度0.25%,初始菌浓度1.00g/L时,菌株sp3对S^2-的氧化率最高.在此适宜条件下,反应60h后,菌株sp3对S^2-的最高氧化率达到86.6%.S^2-的浓度在整个氧化过程中持续下降后保持稳定,在此过程中产生了S⁰,S₂O₃^2-,SO₃^2-以及SO₄^2-这4种其它存在形态的硫.随着S^2-被氧化,SO₄^2-的浓度呈缓慢上升的趋势.利用高通量测序技术推测菌株sp3主要是通过副球菌硫氧化途径（PSO）将非稳定态的S^2-逐步转化为稳定态的SO₄^2-.在此代谢途径中,一部分S^2-被氧化为S⁰,另一部分S^2-则直接氧化为SO₃^2-;S⁰与SO₃^2-可自发反应生成S₂O₃^2-,而S₂O₃^2-发生歧化反应再释放出SO₃^2-和S⁰;反应生成的部分SO₃^2-继续直接氧化为SO₄^2-.菌株sp3在黑臭水体的水质净化过程中有一定的应用前景.     

焚烧法和厌氧消化法处理制革污泥中热值、硫、铬的比较

焚烧法和厌氧消化法都是利用制革污泥中热量的有效方法。比较两种方法所产生的热量,以及污泥处理过程中向大气排放的硫和铬,同时对铬的迁移作了初步的讨论。试验表明:焚烧法产生的热量多于厌氧消化方法,而厌氧消化方法中硫以及重金属铬的排放量明显小于焚烧法。     

高硫石油焦合理利用及其污染防治措施分析

通过分析石油焦的来源和特性,提出炼油厂延迟焦化装置产出的高硫石油焦直接进入厂内循环流化床锅炉是处理高硫石油焦较为合理的途径。通过采取有效的环保治理措施,可减少燃烧烟气中SO2,NOx的排放。     

巨大芽孢杆菌对土壤理化性质及植物富集镉锌的影响

不同生物之间存在复杂相互作用,构建多元生物协同修复有利于提高修复效果.微生物群落繁殖快,适应性强以及抗逆性等优势在土壤重金属污染治理中发挥着重要作用.以巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）为供试菌株,以包心芥菜［Brassica juncea（L.） Czerniak.］为供试植物,探究二者联合作用下修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.首先开展60 d室内培养试验,明确巨大芽孢杆菌活化土壤Cd和Zn含量的潜力及改善土壤质量的可行性;进而通过盆栽试验探究巨大芽孢杆菌对包心芥菜富集重金属的影响.结果表明室内培养条件下,巨大芽孢杆菌能够显著降低土壤pH值,土壤有效态Cd和Zn含量显著增加,与对照相比,增幅分别为24%~47%和11%~13%;同时土壤磷酸酶（ALP）、蔗糖酶（SU）和脲酶（UR）活性明显改善.盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,接菌处理显著提高了包心芥菜生物量,增幅为10%~23%.同时植物富集Cd和Zn含量升高：植物地上和地下部分Cd富集浓度分别为对照组的1.61~1.70倍和1.05~1.15倍;不同部位对Zn的富集浓度分别为对照的1.38~1.61倍和1.47~1.53倍.相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值是引起土壤重金属有效态活性和酶活性改变的关键因素.接菌处理下,植物过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性对增强植物抗逆性更为显著.试验结果初步证实了巨大芽孢杆菌-包心芥菜联合修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.     

Fraction distribution and migration of heavy metals in mangrove-sediment system under sulphur and phosphorus amendment

In this study, mangrove seedlings (Kandelia obovata (S. L.)) were cultivated in rhizo-boxes, which contain sediments collected from natural mangrove forest and modified with different rates of sulphate and phosphate. The fraction distributions of Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments were studied by using a sequential extraction method. Metal concentrations in plant tissues and iron plaque on root surface were also determined to reveal migration variation of heavy metals in the plant-sediment system. The results showed that the activities of K. obovata roots enhance the reducible metals while reducing acid-extractable and oxidisable metals; sulphur amendment benefits the combination of metal ions with S^2– and therefore reduces the bioavailability of metal pollutants; addition of sulphur also improves the content of iron plaque on the root surface, which plays an important role in metal accumulation by K. obovata root tissue; the addition of sulphur markedly reduces the concentration of Cd in roots, but significantly enhanced the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb in roots. The results indicate that sulphur and phosphorus content in mangrove sediment, and the growth of mangrove plant can significantly influence the migration of heavy metals in the mangrove wetland ecosystem.     

废旧轮胎热解过程的温度效应

通过废旧轮胎热解产物的分布研究该过程的温度效应,发现温度升高、燃料油产率增加,炭黑产率减少,即热解温度从４５０℃～５５０℃上升到６５０℃～７５０℃,燃料油产率从３３．１％～３５．４％增加到４３．２％～４５．１％,炭黑产率从４６．２％～４５．１％,炭黑产率从４６．２％～４９．２％下降为３５．１％～３７．１％,采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析燃料油,确定出其中仍１４０多个组分,整个油品中芳香烃化作物占了７５％以上,     

Applications of vacuum sealing drainage in treating seawater-immersed sulfur mustard injury

Vacuum sealing drainage has excellent therapeutic effects on the complex injuries. There is no relevant report on seawater-immersed sulfur mustard injury. The treatment effects were examined with miniature pigs. Injuries were performed on their back followed by vacuum sealing drainage at various pressures for nine days. Injured tissues were sampled up to 30 d after treatment and healing rates, levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were recorded. Vacuum sealing drainage enhances the healing of sulfur mustard wounds significantly, reduces the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the wound, and increases the vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Pressure reduction by 180 mmHg is the most suitable condition for vacuum treatment.     

Distribution of cadmium in oilseed rape and Indian mustard grown on cadmium contaminated soil

Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution in the plant of oilseed rape species. The results showed that oilseed rape Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 was more effective in phytoexetraction Cd among 21 varieties of oilseed rape and indicator plant Indian mustard. Cd concentration in the shoot of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard gradually decreased with an increase in growth period, while the amount of Cd uptake increased with the increase of growth period. There was constantly decrease in Cd concentration from the base leaves to the top leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard, the percentages of Cd uptake in older leaves were higher than those of younger leaves. Older leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard extracted more Cd for the Cd contamination soil, leaves should as far as possible develop before they reached the soil and the older leaves were harvested in priority.     

张掖市SO2控制区污染源的解析

张掖市是国务院划定的SO2污染控制区之一,其SO2污染严重程度居全国前列,本研究以环境空气SO2监测和SO2污染源监测调查为基础,以ATDL模式为模拟手段,对张掖市SO2控制区的污染源进行了解析,分析找出造成该控制区SO2污染的根本原因,从而为制定SO2污染总量控制方案奠定科学基础。