填充式电晕法处理二氧化硫的实验研究

主要研究了电晕放电等离子体法处理二氧化硫的效果。通过电晕放电产生大量的氧化性很强的自由基 ,在它们的作用下 ,与二氧化硫发生一系列的物理和化学反应 ,从而达到去除二氧化硫的目的。同时提出加入适当电介质增强放电强度的方法 ,以达到降低成本的目的     

二氧化硫专项清洁生产审核研究

按国家关于清洁生产审核的具体环保要求,针对二氧化硫产出量与总量控制的相关标准,提出关于二氧化硫专项清洁生产审核研究的具体思路.根据对哈尔滨某集团有限公司SO2专项清洁生产审核,通过组织筹划、预评估,确定二氧化硫作为清洁生产审核的重点并制定清洁生产目标,评估过程中要依据具体的国家环保要求,对于确定的方案进行环境-经济-社会效益的分析.共提出10个清洁生产方案,其中无/低费方案8个,中/高费方案2个.     

An Analysis of the Structure of the Simple Mass Balance Equation: Implications for Testing National Critical Loads Maps

The critical loads concept is used by the UN-ECEConvention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution(CLRTAP) for setting pollution reduction targets.Increasing numbers of countries are adopting the SimpleMass Balance equation (SMB) to calculate critical loads ofacidifying S and N for forest soils. The equation is madeup of a series of mass balances each of which is used tocalculate a leaching flux. The assumptions in the SMBequation were investigated by testing its ability topredict current sulphur load and by comparing each of thecalculated leaching fluxes to measured rates. It was notpossible to predict current sulphur load at our sites usingthe SMB equation. The leaching tests demonstrated that,primarily due to its steady state assumptions, the SMBequation generates critical loads that are theoretical longterm estimates of risk, and are untestable. Thesimplifying assumptions sometimes lead to illogicalresults. Some of these can be improved by adding a final,simple but dynamic, calculation step to determine theexpected time until effects are observed. Theacceptability of combining annual average data, which bestapproximates steady state, with a biological indicator isquestionable. It is not possible to test critical loadscalculated using the SMB equation when applied with all ofits assumptions but it is possible to test its fundamentalapproach using non steady state data.     

The Role of Cloud Processing in the Relationship Between Wet Deposited Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Emissions

It is well established that wet deposition of sulphate in the UKhas fallen by a much smaller fraction than have emissions of sulphur dioxide. Dry deposition of sulphur has decreased in proportion to the decline in emissions. A number of suggestionshave been made which offer possible explanations for this non-linearity between emissions and wet deposition. In this paper amodel of the processing of sulphur dioxide by aqueous phase cloudchemistry in a cloudy boundary layer is presented. This work doesnot simulate all the details of the mechanisms by which sulphate is incorporated into precipitation. It does, however, explorethe non-linearity of this oxidation process. It is shown that theoxidation of sulphur dioxide, in these conditions, over the UK isdominated by oxidation by ozone. The rate of sulphate productionis then controlled by the availability of the one basic trace gasin the atmosphere ammonia. Using realistic concentrations of thereacting species this is found to simulate well the observed non-linearity. The model predicts that sulphate and sulphur dioxideconcentrations will be uncorrelated in the cloudy boundary layerbut that ammonium and sulphate will be well correlated. Fieldobservations at a cloudy site in Northern England are consistentwith these predictions.     

Effect of Pollution On the Occurrence, Distribution and Sulphur Transformation Ability of the Thiobacilli in the River Ganga

The occurrence, distribution and nature of ambient thiobacilli along with their ability to oxidize different sulphur species under simulated natural and in vitro culture conditions were studied in the polluted and unpolluted sites of the River Ganga.

Thiobacillus thioparus, T. thiooxidans and T. denitrificans were isolated from the river water. the former two occurred in both polluted and unpolluted sites, while T. denitrificans occurred in polluted areas only. the paper pulp mill effluent discharge area contained the highest population of T. thioparus. the sewage drainage area showed relatively higher populations of T. thiooxidans and T. denitrificans.

The present study revealed that only biological oxidation of either thiosulphate or elemental sulphur occurred in the river water. All the thiobacilli screened oxidized thiosulphate, and three-fourths of them oxidized elemental sulphur. Some strains were found to be very good acidifiers. in spite of such acidification by the ambient thiobacilli, the pH of the river water remained alkaline. the specific rates of thiosulphate (0.18 -0.51 μMmolh^-1 mg^-1 cell) and sulphur (1.3 - 6.2 Normality day^-1 mg^-1 biomass) oxidations under simulated natural condition were found to be higher in polluted areas when compared with the unpolluted one (sulphur: 0.8 - 1.0 Normality day^-1 mg^-1).

Further, addition of thiouslphate or elemental sulphur in the river water in simulated in vitro condition resulted in the increase of respective oxidation rates. the variations in the natae of pollutants discharged into the river water influenced the oxidation rate of thiosulphate or sulphur.     

Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey

This paper presents an assessment of air quality of the city Eskişehir, located 230 km southwest to the capital of Turkey. Only five of the major air pollutants, most studied worldwide and available for the region, were considered for the assessment. Available sulphur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and non-methane volatile organic carbons (NMVOCs) data from local emission inventory studies provided relative source contributions of the selected pollutants to the region.The contributions of these typical pollution parameters, selected for characterizing such an urban atmosphere, were compared with the data established for other cities in the nation and world countries. Additionally, regional ambient SO₂ and PM concentrations, determined by semi-automatic monitoring at two sites, were gathered from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Network (NAAMN). Regional data for ambient NO₂ (as a precursor of ozone as VOCs) and ozone concentrations, through the application of the passive sampling method, were provided by the still ongoing local air quality monitoring studies conducted at six different sites, as representatives of either the traffic-dense-, or coal/natural gas burning residential-, or industrial/rural-localities of the city. Passively sampled ozone data at a single rural site were also verified with the data from a continuous automatic ozone monitoring system located at that site. Effects of variations in seasonal-activities, newly established railway system, and switching to natural gas usage on the temporal changes of air quality were all considered for the assessment. Based on the comparisons with the national [AQCR (Air Quality Control Regulation). Ministry of Environment (MOE), Ankara. Official Newspaper 19269; 1986.] and a number of international [WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for Air Quality. Geneva; 2000. Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.who.int/peh/; EU (European Union). Council Directive 1999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities L 163: 14–30; 29.6.1999; EU (European Union). Council Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities. L 67: 14–30; 9.3.2002.; USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/] ambient air standards, among all the pollutants studied, only the annual average SO₂ concentration was found to exceed one specific limit value (EU limit for protection of the ecosystem). A part of the data (VOC/NO_x ratio), for determining the effects of photochemical interactions, indicated that VOC-limited regime was prevailing throughout the city.     

Energy Use and Sulphur Dioxide Emissions in Asia

This paper presents a review of energy use in 22 selected countries of Asia and estimates the anthropogenic emission of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) for the selected countries, both at national and disaggregated sub-country regional levels. The paper also makes a comparative assessment of the Asian countries in terms of SO₂emission intensity (i.e. emission per GDP), emission per capita and emission density (i.e. emission per unit area). Total SO₂emission in the region was estimated to be about 38 million tons in 1990. Five countries, China, India, South Korea, Japan and Thailand, accounted for over 91% of the regional SO₂emission. Coal use had the dominant share (81%) of the total emission from the region. Among the economic sectors, industry contributed the largest share (49%) to the total emissions of the selected countries as a whole, followed by the power sector (30%). These findings suggest the need for mitigation strategies focussed on the industry and power sectors of the major emitting countries in Asia.     

掺硼金刚石电极处理榨菜废水试验研究

掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极在电化学氧化难生物降解性废水时具有电化学性能良好、处理效果好等特点,因而受到广泛关注.本试验采用BDD电极电化学氧化榨菜废水,并考察了稀释比、初始pH值、电流密度、极板间距等参数对COD、氨氮(NH3-N)去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在稀释比为1∶2、电流密度50 mA·cm-2、未调节pH值、极板间距为15 mm的最优工况下,COD、NH3-N去除率分别为96.9%、100%.COD去除率满足线性方程y=0.435t(R2=0.9899),NH3-N去除率满足多项式拟合方程y=0.53+0.936t+0.031t2-3.46×10-4t3(R2=0.9956).研究表明,BDD电极电化学氧化榨菜废水是一种有效的高级氧化工艺.     

大气中硫氧化物预测模型的建立

通过研究大气中硫氧化物与气象因素之间的相关关系,从而建立起城市大气中硫氧化物的统计预测模型,该模型经验证,实用可靠.     

叶面喷施硅铈复合溶胶对水东芥菜重金属含量及其他品质的影响

田间小区试验研究了叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理对水东芥菜生长、地上部重金属Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Hg含量,以及维生素C（Vc）、可溶性糖、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质的影响。结果表明：叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理,均可以促进水东芥菜生长,增加水东芥菜地上部鲜物质和干物质重量;尤其是叶面喷Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部鲜物质和干物质重量比对照分别增加了6.2%和16.2%;差异达到显著水平。与对照相比,叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部Cd含量分别下降了24.5%、22.9%、42.6%;As含量分别下降了26.4%、26.0%、40.0%;Pb含量分别下降22.5%、32.5%、36.8%;差异都达到显著水平。但是各处理对水东芥菜地上部 Cr 和 Hg 含量并无显著影响。与单独喷 Si 或单独喷Ce相比,叶面喷Si+Ce复合处理对降低水东芥菜地上部Cd和As含量效果更佳。叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理,还可以显著增加水东芥菜地上部Vc、可溶性糖含量,显著降低其硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量;同时叶面喷施Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部亚硝酸盐含量是分别单独喷Si、喷Ce的80.3%和79.1%,差异达到显著水平。因此,叶面喷施Si+Ce复合处理在促进水东芥菜生长,降低水东芥菜体内重金属含量以及提高水东芥菜品质等方面的性能要优于单独喷施Si或单独喷施Ce。