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91.
W. Keller N. D. Yan J. M. Gunn J. Heneberry 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):317-322
Over 7,000 lakes around Sudbury, Ontario, Canada were acidified by S deposition associated with emissions from the Sudbury
metal smelters and more distant S sources. Air pollution controls have led to widespread changes in damaged Sudbury lakes,
including increased pH and decreased concentrations of SO4, metals and base cations. While chemical improvements have often been substantial, many lakes are still acidified, although
water quality recovery is continuing. Biological recovery has been observed in some lakes among various groups of organisms
including fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and zoobenthos. Generally, however, biological recovery is still at an early stage.
Lakes around Sudbury are also showing that the recovery of acid-damaged lakes is closely linked to the effects of other major
environmental stressors such as climate change, base cation depletion and UV-B irradiance. Future studies of the recovery
of acid-damaged lakes around Sudbury, and in other regions, will need to consider the interactions of these and other stressors. 相似文献
92.
Within the European monitoring network (EMEP, ) several different sampling procedures for measuring the main air components have been applied. This has contributed to systematic
concentration differences and a comparability problem. Since 1997 co-located experiments in 15 countries have been carried
out to quantify these differences. In addition, three major measurement campaigns were organized by EMEP between 1985 and
1991. Differences among results depend on the concentration level and methods used. The decrease in SO2 concentrations over the last twenty years has placed greater demands on the methodology. Absorbing solutions methods for
SO2, (H2O2 and tetrachloromercurate (TCM)) typically have higher detection limits than the reference method, which uses KOH impregnated
filters. The TCM method also has problems with negative interference, especially in summertime. UV fluorescence monitors have
in a few cases proven to give good results, but interferences, detection limit and poor maintenance can be problems. For NO2, many countries are using the TGS absorption solution method, which has a higher detection limit than the reference method
using NaI impregnated glass sinters. The Salzmann method gives unreliable results at concentrations below 1 μgN/m3, and even at higher concentrations the uncertainty is rather unsatisfactory. The chemiluminescence monitor with molybdenum
converters tends to systematically overestimate NO2 concentrations, possibly because zero-drift problems and the non-specific response to NO2. Particulate sulphate measurements in general have lower bias and uncertainties than gas and other aerosol measurements. 相似文献
93.
94.
含硫底物种类与浓度对污泥重金属生物沥滤的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为材料,探究不同含硫底物及其浓度对污泥重金属生物沥滤的效果影响,通过添加单一底物(S0、Fe SO4、Na2S2O3、Fe S和Fe S2)、两种底物配合(S0+Fe SO4、S0+Na2S2O3、S0+Fe S、S0+Fe S2)进行沥滤实验。结果表明:除Fe S和Fe S2外,投加单一底物的沥滤体系中p H都呈下降趋势,沥滤持续5 d后p H值降至1.8左右,污泥中Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr和Cu等重金属去除率高,底物投加量为8~10 g/L(以S计);投加复合底物时,最佳投加方式为S0+Fe SO4,投加量为8 g/L,此时污泥体系酸化速度快,污泥中重金属Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cu去除率分别达95.41%、89.48%、86.45%、84.51%和94.33%。 相似文献
95.
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97.
González Gallero FJ Galán Vallejo M Umbría A Gervilla Baena J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):405-423
A complete statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data was carried out in the ‘Campo de Gibraltar’ region (in the South of Spain) from 1999 to 2002. This is a heavy industrialized area where, up to date, very few air pollution studies have been made. The main objectives of the study presented here have been the characterization of the meteorological and (gaseous and particulate) air pollution conditions in the area, and the relations between them. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been applied to the data. The results show that air quality in the area is highly dependent on meteorological conditions such as wind persistence and direction, dispersion capability of the atmosphere, and humidity content. On average, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide air pollution, mainly caused by fuel-oil combustion and traffic, respectively, is not very high. However, an important number of exceedences of the limits established by the EU Directive 1999 for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) have been observed in some points of the area. A significant percentage of these exceedences (about 22% on average) are likely caused by African dust intrusions, which usually take place from May to August. From gaseous and particulate air correlations, it seems that anthropogenic activities contribute with about 19% on average. 相似文献
98.
99.
Impact of Coal Power Plant Emission on the Foliar Elemental Concentrations in Plants in a Low Rainfall Tropical Region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A field study was conducted around two thermal power plants of India to quantify the changes in foliar elemental concentrations due to emission in a low rainfall tropical area. Sulphur dioxide and particulates were at high levels which may cause serious ecological effects. Emission from the power plants has altered the elemental concentrations in the leaves of evergreen and deciduous plants. The foliar total-S and SO4
2–-S levels were significantly higher in all the plants growing at polluted sites. However, the organic-S content was more or less unaltered. In evergreen plants, the SO4
2–-S content increased gradually from summer through winter, whereas in the deciduous plants there was a higher magnitude of increase after onset of new leaves during summer. With the increasing pollution load, foliar Ca2+ and K+ contents increased, whereas N content decreased. The reduction in N content was greater during summer in evergreen plants and during winter in deciduous plants. The plants growing closer to the power plants accumulated more trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb and Ni) as compared to those growing at distant sites. In deciduous plants the leaf fall during winter lowered down the trace element 相似文献
100.
采用板-板式介质阻挡放电反应器对芥子气的模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,2-CEES)进行洗消实验研究,并探讨了放电功率和气体流量对洗消率的影响.研究发现,在放电功率70W、气体流量75L·h-1的条件下对初始浓度0~280 mg·m-3的染毒空气洗消效果较好.因此,在该条件下,对芥子气染毒空气进行深入洗消研究.结果表明,当初始浓度低于150.2 mg·m-3时洗消后尾气的残余浓度低于安全允许浓度(0.0083mg·m-3).同时,采用GC-MS和离子色谱对洗消产物进行分析,发现介质阻挡放电等离子体将芥子气分解成H2O、CO2、SO3、HCl、芥子砜(ClCH2 CH2 SO2 CH2 CH2 Cl)和芥子亚砜(ClCH2 CH2 SOCH2 CH2Cl)等. 相似文献