有效微生物群(EM)中抑藻酵母及其活性物质特性

采用选择性培养基从有效微生物群(EM)中富集出酵母菌,通过向对数增长期的混合藻液中加入酵母菌、葡萄糖、酵母菌+葡萄糖、经酵母菌发酵除菌后的葡萄糖溶液分别考察了其对水华藻的抑制效应.结果表明,混合酵母菌自身对于水华藻没有抑制作用,单独添加葡萄糖的水华藻甚至出现快速增殖;而在添加葡萄糖+酵母菌或酵母菌发酵液的实验中水华藻近似被完全抑制,最大抑制率达97%.据此可知,抑制水华藻增殖的并非酵母菌自身,而是具有高热稳定性的胞外分泌物.HPLC-SEC与三维荧光光谱分析表明,酵母菌发酵液中含有明显的芳环类羧酸及蛋白质物质,但由于其在高温灭菌后仍有良好的抑藻活性,因而进一步确定其抑藻活性物质为含苯环的有机酸.此外,依据对实验中水华藻细胞形态的显微镜观察,该酸性胞外物可能是通过破坏藻细胞的叶绿体结构来达到抑藻效果的.     

大气污染：危害人类健康的“无形杀手”

环境保护是事关人类生存发展的战略性、全球性、世纪性的大课题,而大气污染则城市环境问题的首要问题,作者站在创建“生态环境医学”的制高点上,引证了大量翔实的例症,剖析了大气污染给人类生态环境身健康所带来的种种危害和机理,并从多角度提示了标本兼治大气污染的应急措施,从而疾呼“地球人”要确立科学的发展,坚定地走经济发展、环境保护、生态文明的可持续发展之路,这才是“依法治气”的根本之策。     

甘肃国家级自然保护区旅游资源的游憩价值评估

旅游资源经济价值的量化能促进资源的合理开发和保护利用,对旅游资源价值的评估是监测旅游资源的保护与可持续开发利用效果的理论基础。以甘肃国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用游憩费用法对甘肃国家级自然保护区旅游资源的游憩价值进行了评估,计算出其游憩总价值。这些结果可为甘肃国家级自然保护区的旅游资源管理决策和旅游资源补偿提供一定的参考。     

EM在SBR反应器处理医院污水中的应用

处理医院污水常用的A20工艺和AB工艺，磷酸盐去除效果不甚理想，虽然在生物除磷的基础上，补加化学混凝沉淀方法，但去除效果稳定性差。经研究，EM菌＋化学除磷强化SBR工艺对COD去除率为〉90％。出水磷酸盐浓度达到或接近一级排放标准。     

EM技术在黄姜加工废水处理中的应用

混合种属的协同优势对废水的降解优于单一菌属,采用EM技术处理黄姜加工废水,投资费用低,有其独特的优越性。只要加强中控管理:pH值、温度、处理时间,即可确保水质达标排放。     

应用有效微生物群(EM)处理富营养化源水试验研究

初试条件下系统地考察了有效微生物群(EM)处理南水塘藻型富营养化源水效果。结果表明:在容器中按V(EM)∶V(源水)为1∶10000的比例投加EM菌液并辅以低速间歇式曝气处理8～9d,藻类生物量得到明显控制,水样叶绿素a,TN,TP及CODCr去除率分别达90 49%,45 25%,55 48%及82 37%,出水水质接近国家地表Ⅳ类水质标准。处理过程中,水样pH与电导率有明显的变化规律,应属2个独立的因子体系;EM微生物可改变源水氮磷营养盐水平及藻类生物量与氮 磷质量分数的相关性,成为影响或抑制藻类生长的主导因子。      

有效微生物技术在城市环境治理领域中的应用

随着经济的快速发展,人口数量急剧增长,我国城市水污染及生活垃圾的安全处置问题日益严重,因此找到一种简单、经济的处理方法是目前迫切需要解决的问题。介绍了有效微生物的种群特点以及处理污水的机理,阐述了有效微生物对污水处理效果的影响因素,综述了有效微生物技术在污水处理、河湖富营养化治理、生活垃圾处置等方面的研究现状,并指出了该技术在城市环境治理领域的发展趋势和研究方向。     

Induction of cytochrome p‐450 and phosphatidylcholine synthesis by endosulfan in liver of rats : Effect of quality of dietary proteins

Abstract

Administration of endosulfan significantly increased microsomal protein, cytochrome P‐450 content and the activity of aminopyrine N‐demethylase. Effect of endosulfan and actinomycin D either alone or together on microsomal protein, cytochrome P‐450, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N‐demethylase, phosphatidylcholine content, incorporation of ³H‐choline and ¹⁴C‐methionine were studied in rats given amino acid deficient and supplemented diets. Administration of endosulfan significantly increased the above parameters in both the dietary groups, whereas administration of actinomycin D did not have any effect in rats fed supplemented diets, however, significant decrease in the PC and the incorporation of choline and methionine into PC of rats fed deficient diet were observed. A positive correlation in the effect of endosulfan on hepatic mixed function oxidase activity and hepatic phosphatidylcholine is observed.     

An EM algorithm for capture-recapture estimation

Analysis of capture—recapture data often involves maximizing a complex likelihood function with many unknown parameters. Statistical inference based on selection of a proper model depends on successful attainment of this maximum. An EM algorithm is developed for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of capture and survival probabilities conditional on first capture from standard capture—recapture data. The algorithm does not require the use of numerical derivatives which may improve precision and stability relative to other estimation schemes. The asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimated parameters can be obtained using the supplemented EM algorithm. The EM algorithm is compared to a more traditional Newton-Raphson algorithm with both a simulated and a real dataset. The two algorithms result in the same parameter estimates, but Newton-Raphson variance estimates depend on a numerically estimated Hessian matrix that is sensitive to step size choice.