全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3737篇 |
免费 | 509篇 |
国内免费 | 1774篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 222篇 |
废物处理 | 98篇 |
环保管理 | 876篇 |
综合类 | 3183篇 |
基础理论 | 737篇 |
污染及防治 | 392篇 |
评价与监测 | 286篇 |
社会与环境 | 145篇 |
灾害及防治 | 81篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 90篇 |
2022年 | 158篇 |
2021年 | 174篇 |
2020年 | 176篇 |
2019年 | 189篇 |
2018年 | 142篇 |
2017年 | 204篇 |
2016年 | 243篇 |
2015年 | 303篇 |
2014年 | 293篇 |
2013年 | 470篇 |
2012年 | 393篇 |
2011年 | 375篇 |
2010年 | 262篇 |
2009年 | 263篇 |
2008年 | 211篇 |
2007年 | 302篇 |
2006年 | 273篇 |
2005年 | 207篇 |
2004年 | 167篇 |
2003年 | 159篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 104篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 77篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有6020条查询结果,搜索用时 507 毫秒
341.
342.
针对现有卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品空间分辨率和精度往往难以满足大气污染精细治理实际需求,提出了一种耦合偏差校正的统计降尺度改进模型(SDBC).该模型基于“空间尺度不变性假设”引入相关驱动因子的额外空间信息实现AOD降尺度,并在此基础上通过偏差校正进一步提升降尺度产品的精度.以1km分辨率MAIAC AOD产品为例,在北京、大湾区、台湾岛3个典型地区开展模型验证.结果表明:(1)DEM、NDVI、人口数量和土地覆盖是影响AOD变化的细节因子,在SDBC空间降尺度过程中引入可将AOD产品的空间分辨率有效提升至500m,且降尺度产品验证R2最高可达0.88;(2)顾及卫星观测几何、质量标识、大气水蒸气柱、气溶胶模式等因子的偏差校正则可进一步提升降尺度AOD产品的精度,3个地区的验证R2均在0.85以上,最高可达0.93;(3)信息熵评估结果显示SDBC模型生成的500m AOD产品提高了原始MAIAC AOD产品的空间信息量.在保留了公里级产品AOD的空间分布格局的基础上,SDBC产品也增强了细节和纹理特征、改善了边界现象和马赛克效应.研究结果证实SDBC模型能有效协同改进现有卫星A... 相似文献
343.
为探究侧流游离亚硝酸(FNA)处理抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)策略相关工艺参数的最佳组合,在颗粒-絮体复合系统的全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺中,采用批次试验探讨污泥沉降时间、FNA处理浓度及处理时间对相关功能菌活性的影响,针对性抑制NOB活性,降低FNA对功能菌活性影响.结果显示,沉降时间影响处理污泥中功能菌群活性,随着沉降时间的延长,排出污泥中厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)活性逐渐减弱.沉降1min后进行排泥排出了大部分NOB并且反应器内保留了尽可能多的AnAOB,此时排出的污泥中AnAOB、氨氧化菌(AOB)和NOB的相对活性分别为15.79%、54.55%和68.63%.综合FNA对NOB和AOB活性的影响,采用0.6mg/L的FNA抑制12h后AOB活性为38.71%,而NOB活性仅为12.5%.响应曲面分析结果显示,FNA处理时间、处理浓度是影响NOB、AOB活性的关键因素. 相似文献
344.
345.
Fenton process, as a pretreatment method, was found to be effective in the primary treatment of mature/medium landfill leachate. However, the main problem of the process is the large amount of produced sludge that requires an accurate feasibility evaluation for operational applications. In this study, the response surface methodology was applied for the modeling and optimization of Fenton process in three target responses, (1) overall COD removal, (2) sludge to iron ratio (SIR) and (3) organics removal to sludge ratio (ORSR), where the latter two were new self-defined responses for prediction of sludge generation and applicability assessment of the process, respectively. The effective variables included the initial pH, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage. According to the statistical analysis, all the proposed models were adequate (with adjusted R2 of 0.9116–0.9512) and had considerable predictive capability (with prediction R2 up to 0.9092 and appropriate adequate precision). It was found that all the variables had significant effects on the responses, specifically by their observed role in dominant oxidation mechanism. The optimum operational conditions obtained by overlay plot, were found to be initial pH of 5.7, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio of 17.72 and [Fe2+] of 195 mM, which led to 69% COD removal, 2.4 (l sludge/consumed mole Fe2+) of SIR and 16.5 (gCOD removed/l produced sludge) for ORSR in verification test, in accordance with models-predicted values. Finally, it was observed that [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage had significant influence on COD removal, while Fe2+ dosage and [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio had remarkable effects on SIR and ORSR responses, respectively. 相似文献
346.
S. Keerthinarayana M. Bandyopadhyay 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):673-700
Abstract The wood charcoal treated by 1N HNO3 (WCT) was used to remove toxic chlorinated pesticide lindane (y‐HCH) residue from water by the sorption process. Using a simple first order reversible kinetics constants and half time equations, the film and pore diffusion coefficients were determined. Film diffusion was found to be rate limiting step in sorbing lindane by WCT. This was further authenticated by kinetics studies at different initial sorbate concentrations, different sorbent sizes, and different agitation speeds besides interruption test. A pore diffusion model was used to fit the data of kinetics in continuously mixed batch reactors (CMBR), and the tortuosity, external resistance, and surface diffusion effects on lindane sorption by WCT were noticed. The tortuosity values of 15 to 28 were obtained for WCT‐lindane system. 相似文献
347.
A. V. KOCIOLEK A. P. CLEVENGER C. C. ST. CLAIR D. S. PROPPE 《Conservation biology》2011,25(2):241-249
Abstract: One potential contributor to the worldwide decline of bird populations is the increasing prevalence of roads, which have several negative effects on birds and other vertebrates. We synthesized the results of studies and reviews that explore the effects of roads on birds with an emphasis on paved roads. The well‐known direct effects of roads on birds include habitat loss and fragmentation, vehicle‐caused mortality, pollution, and poisoning. Nevertheless, indirect effects may exert a greater influence on bird populations. These effects include noise, artificial light, barriers to movement, and edges associated with roads. Moreover, indirect and direct effects may act synergistically to cause decreases in population density and species richness. Of the many effects of roads, it appears that road mortality and traffic noise may have the most substantial effects on birds relative to other effects and taxonomic groups. Potential measures for mitigating the detrimental effects of roads include noise‐reduction strategies and changes to roadway lighting and vegetation and traffic flow. Road networks and traffic volumes are projected to increase in many countries around the world. Increasing habitat loss and fragmentation and predicted species distribution shifts due to climate change are likely to compound the overall effects of roads on birds. 相似文献
348.
K. M. S. Sundaram S. Y. Szeto 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):579-599
Abstract An oil‐based formulation of carbaryl (1‐naphthyl N‐methyl‐carbamate) (Sevin‐2‐Oil) was applied twice by a fixed‐wing aircraft at a dosage rate of 280 g of A.I./ha/application to a coniferous forest near Allardville, New Brunswick. The highest concentrations of the chemical in fir foliage, litter and forest soil 1 h after application were respectively 4.20, 1.21 and 0.59 ppm (fresh weight). The residues dissipated rapidly and the DT50 values obtained from the depletion curves were 2.3 d for foliage and 1.5 d for litter and soil samples. Very low levels (<0.1 ppm) of carbaryl persisted in foliage and litter beyond the 10 d sampling period. The maximum residue level found in stream water was 0.314 ppm and more than 50% of it had dissipated within 1 h. Low but detectable levels (0.001 ppm) of the chemical persisted in water until the end of the 10 d sampling period. Sediment samples contained a maximum level of 0.04 ppm, which dissipated below the detection limit within 5 h. Brook trout and slimy sculpins captured in the stream 1 d after the spray contained on average about 0.04 ppm of carbaryl and none of it was found in 3 d postspray samples. 相似文献
349.
Danuta Baralkiewicz Hanka Gramowska Ryszard Gołdyn Wiesław Wasiak Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(2):93-103
Sediment samples were analysed for mercury and methylmercury content in different parts of the bottom sediment of Swarz ?dzkie Lake, which were influenced by different external pollution sources. The results of determination with two methods of mineralization using two separate media (HNO3/H2O2 and HF) were compared. The accuracy of the studied methods was analysed using certified reference material IAEA 405 of river sediment. The recovery of mercury was satisfactory and ranged from 97.5 to 98.8%. Methylmercury compounds in the studied sediments were found in limited concentrations. Their concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 58.1 μg kg?1, i.e. 1.0–7.4% of the total mercury content. The depth profile displayed high values of both total and methylmercury content at a depth of 10–20 cm, related to the heavy pollution of the lake in the 1980s. Canonical analysis displayed the relationship of both total mercury and methylmercury concentrations with organic matter and phosphorus content in bottom sediments. 相似文献
350.
Adriana C. Bejarano Jacqueline Michel 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1561-1569
A large-scale assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the 1991 Gulf War oil spill was performed for 2002-2003 sediment samples (n = 1679) collected from habitats along the shoreline of Saudi Arabia. Benthic sediment toxicity was characterized using the Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmark Toxic Unit approach for 43 PAHs (ESBTUFCV,43). Samples were assigned to risk categories according to ESBTUFCV,43 values: no-risk (≤1), low (>1-≤2), low-medium (>2-≤3), medium (>3-≤5) and high-risk (>5). Sixty seven percent of samples had ESBTUFCV,43 > 1 indicating potential adverse ecological effects. Sediments from the 0-30 cm layer from tidal flats, and the >30-<60 cm layer from heavily oiled halophytes and mangroves had high frequency of high-risk samples. No-risk samples were characterized by chrysene enrichment and depletion of lighter molecular weight PAHs, while high-risk samples showed little oil weathering and PAH patterns similar to 1993 samples. North of Safaniya sediments were not likely to pose adverse ecological effects contrary to sediments south of Tanaqib. Landscape and geomorphology has played a role on the distribution and persistence in sediments of oil from the Gulf War. 相似文献