芝罘湾沉积物中可提取相重金属研究

讨论了芝罘湾沉积物酸提取相中Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｌｉ、Ｋ的分特征，及其在环境中的赋存形式，并与其它海区资料相比，得出该湾沉积物已受到重金属污染的结论。     

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil experimentally contaminated with Pb,Cd, Cu and Zn together and effects on soil negative surface charge

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously.     

示波极谱法测定地面水中的钒

应用钒（ Ｖ） ５ Ｂｒ Ｐ Ａ Ｄ Ａ Ｐ Ｈ２ Ｏ２ 体 系产生的 络合极 谱波对地 面水中 的钒 进行 了测 定，并 讨论了测试 条件。钒 浓度在 ００１ ～２２５ μｇ／２５ ｍ Ｌ 范围 内极谱 电流与钒 含量呈线 性关系 ，本法具有 较高的选择 性和灵 敏度，测定 地面水 中的钒结 果令人 满意     

东湖沉积物中色素的环境意义研究

介绍了用紫外可见分光光度法测定东湖沉积物中几种指示色素含量的方法及各色素所代表的环境意义,探讨了近百年来东湖地区的环境演化历程。结果表明,近二十多年来,随着该地区工业的发展和人口的大量聚集,东湖已呈现严重的富营养化态势。     

Comparison of Black Carbon,Total Organic Carbon,and PAH Concentrations in Surface Sediments from Two Main Rivers in Henan Province,China

Black carbon (BC) in surface sediments from Henan section of Yellow River and Huaihe River, China, was determined. Average content of BC in Huaihe River was 0.33%, higher than that in Yellow River (n?=?23) with mean value of 0.15%. Distribution patterns of BC in Yellow River and Huaihe River were similar, namely that tributaries had higher BC content than main stream. In addition, BC content in the mainstream of Yellow River and Huaihe River decreased with altitude. The BC content presented a significant positive correlation with clay (r?=?0.672; p?<?0.01) content in Yellow River, while neither did in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC ranged from 1.8–57.4% (median 29.6%), evidencing pyrogenic fossil fuel source of BC in Yellow River. Relatively low values of BC/TOC in Huaihe River (5.3%–28.8%, median 7.5%,) reflected that the origin of BC is from burning of biomass. In addition, Pearson rank correlation analysis showed that BC was in strong correlation with lighter PAH in Yellow River, while BC was in significant correlation with heavier PAH in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC indicated that BC in Yellow River mainly came from fossil fuel combustion, while BC in Huaihe River was primarily from biomass burning.     

河道底泥陶粒比表面测定

讨论了以河道底泥和生活污泥为原料烧制陶粒比表面的测定原理、方法和结果，并对生活污泥添加量、粘结刑添加量和烧结温度对陶粒比表面的影响作了进一步分析。     

Atmospheric lead deposition to Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, USA

Contamination of the environment from atmospheric deposition during the twentieth century is pervasive even in areas ostensibly considered pristine or remote from point sources. In this study, Pb concentrations in a 210Pb-dated peat core collected from the Okefenokee Swamp, GA were used to assess historical contaminant input via atmospheric deposition. Lead isotope ratios were determined by dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS (DRC-ICP-MS). Increases in Pb concentration occurred in the late nineteenth century and a marked rise in Pb concentrations pre-dated the widespread use of leaded gasoline within the US. The 206Pb/207Pb ratios of 1.19 during this period were consistent with coal combustion emissions. A later increase in Pb concentration, concurrent with a trend toward more radiogenic 206Pb/207Pb ratios in gasoline is consistent with an increased input of Pb from leaded gasoline emissions. However, it appears that coal combustion emissions remain a major source of Pb to the Okefenokee.     

微波加热对活性炭表面基团及其对SO2吸附性能的影响

采用了微波加热技术,通过在不同微波功率和辐射时间条件下对不同粒径活性炭进行改性,研究了改性前后活性炭的表面化学基团、元素组成的变化,以及对SO2吸附性能的影响.结果表明,经过微波改性后活性炭的SO2吸附性能大为提高,微波功率是影响改性活性炭脱硫性能的主要因素.活性炭经微波热处理后,酸性基团发生分解,表面含氧量减少,碱性特征增强,是吸附性能增加的主要原因之一.     

富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术评估

回顾了我国在富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术方面的研究进展,并从富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术的运用效果、环境影响、社会影响、经济性、适用性以及与其他技术的相关性等六个方面,全面评估了破坏分层、人工曝气、化学增氧、底泥疏浚和底泥封闭等五类技术.     

Anaerobic degradation of diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from river sediment in Taiwan

We investigated anaerobic degradation rates for three phthalate esters (PAEs), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from river sediment in Taiwan. The respective anaerobic degradation rate constants for DEP, DBP, and DEHP were observed as 0.045, 0.074, and 0.027 1/day, with respective half-lives of 15.4, 9.4, and 25.7 days under optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Anaerobic degradation rates were enhanced by the addition of the surfactants brij 35 and triton N101 at a concentration of 1 critical micelle concentration (CMC), and by the addition of yeast extract. Degradation rates were inhibited by the addition of acetate, pyruvate, lactate, FeCl₃, MnO₂, NaCl, heavy metals, and nonylphenol. Our results indicate that methanogen, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAEs.