城市防洪的一种方法—纳潮

本文介绍一种城市防洪的方法－纳潮。即以合理的调度运行，充分利用圩区的调蓄能力，降低风暴潮引起的高潮位，用以应付超标准风暴潮。通过纳潮效果与纳潮闸位置，调蓄面积，操作方式等因素的关系分析，表明纳潮是一种可行且有效的方法。本文阐述的基本规律，为工程设计、运行操作提供参考依据。     

国内外风暴潮概况及其防御对策

本文概要地论述了全球产生风暴潮的天气系统和可能发生潮灾的地理分布.指出了我国是受热带和温带气旋袭击最频繁的国家之一,也是潮灾最严重的地区.概述了世界各国现行防御对策.指出了我国现行防御措施的进步和不足并提出了我国沿海经济开发和国土规划的防灾战略的制定和防御系统的建立以及潮灾成因规律和减灾对策的综合研究方案.     

Superstorm Sandy and voter vulnerability in the 2012 US Presidential Election: a case study of New Jersey and Connecticut

Superstorm Sandy was an unprecedented meteorological event that devastated the Caribbean and the Northeastern Coast of the USA in October 2012. While many research efforts will focus on the atmospheric conditions that led to the creation and unusual track of the storm, this study evaluates the impact of Sandy on voter turnout in the 2012 US Presidential Election. The goals of this paper are to (1) determine if any alterations in voter turnout occurred, (2) assess the extent to which Sandy was responsible for any voter turnout changes and (3) investigate if the influence of Sandy on voter turnout was contingent upon social vulnerability. To accomplish these goals, voter turnout change between the 2008 and 2012 US Presidential Elections was analysed at the county and municipal level for both New Jersey and Connecticut. The notable decreases in voter turnout discovered in both states were likely due to the election occurring in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy. The correlation, spatial clustering analysis, analysis of variance and multiple regression results all suggest that storm surge was more likely to be responsible for reduced voter turnout in New Jersey than in Connecticut. Specifically in New Jersey, the findings indicate that storm surge coverage, rather than height, was influential in reducing voter turnout and that this relationship was contingent upon the racial composition of the municipalities. Overall, understanding how Sandy affected voter turnout will help improve the resiliency of electoral systems to future natural disasters.     

基于GGE双标图和纤维长度选择的长江流域棉花区域试验环境评价

采用GGE双标图方法对2000~2010年期间27个独立的长江流域棉花品种区域试验的安庆、南阳、黄冈、荆州、武汉、襄阳、常德、岳阳、南京、南通、盐城、九江、简阳、射洪和慈溪等15个试验环境（试验点）在棉纤维长度选择上的鉴别力、代表性、理想指数和离优度指数进行了全面分析和综合评价。对各试验环境基于纤维长度选择的综合评价表明,荆州、九江、安庆和常德是最理想的试验环境,对以长江流域为目标环境的广适性新品种选育和作为区域试验环境鉴别理想新品种的效率最高,而江苏和浙江省沿海棉区的试验环境（南通、盐城和慈溪）和四川盆地棉区试验环境（简阳和射洪）不适宜作为针对长江流域的纤维长度选择与推荐环境,从而展示了GGE双标图在棉花区域试验环境评价方面的应用效果,也为长江流域国家棉花区域试验方案的决策提供理论依据     

Diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir北大核心CSCD

The diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir in Pingtan island, Fujian Province, were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods combined with the construction of clone libraries. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that in winter. The dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) of PAOs were in the range of 200 to 300 bp in summer, while they were in the range of 150 to 200 bp in winter. Cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the main phyla of PAOs in the sediment of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Microlunatus phosphovorus, and Burkholderia were the dominant genera in the summer samples. Anaeromyxobacter, Methylobacterium, Solibacter, Azospirillum, and Microlunatus phosphovorus were the dominant genera in sediment samples in winter. The results of this study demonstrated that the diversity and community composition of PAOs in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir had specific seasonal characteristics. Various forms of phosphorus also showed their influence on the diversity of PAOs, especially Fe/Al-P. Our findings lays a scientific foundation for the future disclosure of microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle in the sediments of reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Crown—rump length in aneuploid fetuses: Implications for first-trimester biochemical screening for aneuploidies

This study examined the effect of estimation of gestational age from the menstrual history compared with that from crown—rump length (CRL) measurement on the detection rate of screening for aneuploidies in the first trimester. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) was assayed in blood collected prior to chorionic villus sampling in 356 women with unaffected pregnancies and 28 women with an aneuploid pregnancy. There were 14 Down's syndrome (DS) pregnancies. All pregnancies were dated from menstrual history and CRL measurement. The average CRL gestation in the aneuploid population was 2.5 days less than that derived from the LMP (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) for LMP—CRL gestation: using the algorithm based on unaffected pregnancies 0–3.5 days; using the matched case—control approach 1–4.5 days). The average CRL gestation in the DS population was 2 days less but this did not reach statistical significance (95 per cent CI for LMP—CRL gestation: using the algorithm — 1 to 4.5 days; using the matched case—control approach 0 to 5.5 days). The detection rate of aneuploidies in the first trimester using maternal serum PAPP-A was reduced by 7 per cent (and by 3 per cent for DS) for a 5 per cent false-positive rate when using CRL rather than LMP to date the pregnancy. This phenomenon is a consequence of an apparent reduction of gestational age when estimated by CRL in the aneuploid population. Further studies are required to evaluate whether CRL is an unbiased estimate of gestation for Down's syndrome pregnancies.     

岸滩侵蚀的环境工程观念

本文从环境工程的角度讨论了岸滩侵蚀问题中建立分析模型的基本框架.讨论了岸滩岩土介质在风浪潮作用下,根据不同的侵蚀准则所建立的岸滩沉积物在近海迁移和传输的模型.得出了岸滩的侵蚀、演变过程由三相组成的结论,第一相是与饱和多孔介质经受动力载荷变形和损伤相联系的固态相;第二相是关于介质侵蚀和剥离的流-固态混合相;第三相是流动和沉积物运输的流体相.从分析讨论还可以看出,岸滩侵蚀演化的模拟分析可在岸滩介质的动力固结、悬浮介质扩散漂移及海浪流体动力学理论相互交叉的基础上,针对海岸环境工程问题中的观念和现象来建模并完成.研究表明,在分析海滩侵蚀和海岸演化过程的机理时,采用海洋环境工程学中的相关方法可以得到更符合实际状况的结果.用损伤力学方法建摸研究岸滩介质的侵蚀和沙化过程,可以将海岸沉积物的迁移速率描述为海床面上的等效摩擦剪应力、损伤状态、侵蚀参数及介质的孔隙冲蚀率的函数.在岸滩侵蚀和演化机理研究中将海岸沉积物的纵向迁移和横向迁移理论相结合的模型有一定的优越性,这为岸滩侵蚀与海岸演变提供了定量的分析方法.     

最近2000年江苏沿海风暴潮灾害的特征

根据地方志和文献记录对江苏沿海最近2000a风暴潮灾害进行了初步分析，结果表明，风暴潮灾害在时间和空间上均发生着变化。最近600a风暴潮灾害存在21a、36a和116a三个显著的周期，并且不同时间段内发生的风暴潮灾害受不同的因素控制。.