全球变暖影响下中国自然灾害的发展趋势

在本世纪全球与中国显著变暖和中国境内降水量有所减少影响下，结合经济发展过程中生态系统的恶化，５０年代至９０年代初，中国多种自然灾害包括旱灾、洪涝灾、风暴潮灾、农林生物灾害都在发展加剧，唯寒冻冰雪灾害有所减轻。自然灾害所造成经济损失８０年代已比６０年代成倍增长，９０年代逐步损失达１０００亿元至２０００亿元。下世纪气候进一步变暖，如北方降水少量增加不抵蒸发量的上扬，旱灾仍将继续发展。南方雨量增加特别是暴雨和台风雨的增加，会使洪涝灾害扩大加剧。沿海地区由于海平面上升，海岸带灾害主要是风暴潮存在加剧趋势。农林病虫害也将发展，唯寒冻灾害可大幅度减轻。     

高浓度沼气流在矿井风流中的稀释过程的研究

研究了煤矿高浓度沼气排放中沼气与风流的混合、稀释过程；分析了平衡浓度的计算；通过实验室模拟实验，确定了湍流情况下混合长度的经验公式；导出了描述沼气浓度场的对流扩散方程，并应用一维解描述沼气浓度的沿程变化规律。从而达到安全、有效地排放高浓度沼气，防止了瓦斯爆炸事故的发生。     

海岸带风暴潮减水的统计分析

在青岛大港观测站连续30年实测资料的基础上,按照年、季、月等时段分别抽样,对风暴潮减水进行了长期统计分析.考虑到海岸地区风暴潮减水的诱因不同,在一维复合极值分布的基础上,提出了"组合分布法".新方法探讨了假设所有数据源于同一分布而产生的重现值估计误差.与年极值法和阈值法的计算结果进行了比较,说明以往算法得到的重现值偏低,并给出了青岛地区受季节变化影响的风暴减水设计重现值.统计表明,青岛大港春、秋、冬季均有风暴减水发生.由于寒潮大风是其产生的主导因素,以冬季的极值减水序列为样本,所得重现值与考虑季节变化得到的重现值相当.说明在实际工程区域,选取主要天气形势产生的水文要素为样本,替代所有观测数据,使统计计算得以简化的做法是可行的.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩纵筋屈曲解析方法

为了评估钢筋混凝土桥墩的极限水平位移 ,根据塑性铰区变形特性 ,合理的确定塑性铰区长度是非常重要的。笔者基于有限元分析从理论 ,给出了桥墩根部纵筋屈曲时的长度 ,并与实验结果进行比较 ,通过纵筋屈曲分析结果 ,考虑到材料非线性屈曲程度 ,进一步提出了桥墩纵筋屈曲长度的简化表达式。     

Intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobhdae) in the mangrove swamps of IMO Estuary, Nigeria

Between April 1992 and March 1993,intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus was studied.Sec was differentiated on the basis of the genital papillae,it was broader in females than males.Sexually active females were slightly heavier than similarly-sized males.Sex ratio was strongly female-biased.Length-weight relationship of the sexes was isometric.There was no significant difference in the feeding intensity of both sexes;uniformity was also apparent in diet breadth.There was no named sex-based difference in hepatosometic index but condition index was higher in males than females.the uniformity in intersexual plasticity of P.barbarus is consequent upon homogeneity of the mangrove ecosystem,which can only be altered anthropogenically.     

植被对风沙土风蚀作用的影响

以植物模型、风沙土为实验材料，以风洞模拟实验为研究手段得出初步结论：地表粗糙度为植被特征参数的函数，随植被盖度的增加呈幂函数增加；随植被作用区面积蛎呈线性增加；与行状植物的排列方向和主风向夹角的平方根成正比。在盖度相同的条件下，均匀分布较丛状分布可产生较大的粗糙度。风蚀率随植被盖度的减少呈指数增加。植被盖度对风沙土风蚀作用的影响可划分为３种程度类型：大于６０％为轻度风蚀和无风蚀。６０％￣２０％为中     

低纬高原城市区域冬季的大气环境与不同波长辐射特征

本文以低纬高原城市昆明市为研究对象，利用城市内外不同波长辐射的实测资料，分析了颥人、外不同波长辐射的分布特征、变化规律及共差异以及与大气环境的相互关系，探讨了城市及大气环境对太阳辐射的影响为城市气候的深入研究以及城市建筑的规划、设计、环境污染防治提供依据，并可为其它地区的同类研究提供参考。     

Length of index and ring fingers differentially influence sexual attractiveness of men’s and women’s hands

Humans show intra- and intersexual variation in second (2D) relative to fourth (4D) finger length, men having smaller 2D:4D ratio, possibly because of differential exposure to sex hormones during fetal life. The relations between 2D:4D and phenotypic traits including fitness components reported by several studies may originate from the organizational effects that sex hormones have on diverse organs and their concomitant effect on 2D:4D. Evolutionary theory posits that sexual preferences are adaptations whereby choosy individuals obtain direct or genetic indirect benefits by choosing a particular mate. Since sex hormones influence both fitness and 2D:4D, hand sexual attractiveness should depend on 2D:4D, a hypothesis tested only in one correlational study so far. We first presented hand computer images to undergraduates and found that opposite-sex hands with long 2D and 4D were considered more sexually attractive. When we experimentally manipulated hand images by increasing or decreasing 2D and/or 4D length, women preferred opposite-sex hands that had been masculinized by elongating 4D, whereas men avoided masculinized opposite-sex right hands with shortened 2D. Hence, consensus exists about which hands are attractive among different opposite-sex judges. Finger length may signal desirable sex hormone-dependent traits or genetic quality of potential mates. Psychological mechanisms mediating hand attractiveness judgments may thus reflect adaptations functioning to provide direct or indirect benefits to choosy individuals. Because the genetic mechanisms that link digit development to sex hormones may be mediated by Hox genes which are conserved in vertebrates, present results have broad implications for sexual selection studies also in nonhuman taxa.     

中国沿海的风暴潮灾及其防御对策

中国沿海是仅次于孟加拉湾地区的第二大风暴潮重灾区。本文分析了地质时期及历史时期我国风暴潮灾的灾害记录，揭示了中国沿海风暴潮灾的严重性，并讨论了其成因特点和成灾机理，提出了一系列防灾措施和防御对策