不同耕作方式对土壤性质与玉米生长的影响研究

通过种植前对土壤进行不同耕作处理试验,探讨不同耕作方式和耕作深度（30 cm,35 cm,45 cm）对土壤理化性状及玉米（Zea mays L）根系生长的影响。结果表明,三种耕作方式对土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤微生物总量、玉米根系生长的影响表现为：深松耕作〉传统耕作〉免耕。其中,深松耕作对表层土壤（0～25 cm）容重降低作用大于深层土壤（25～45 cm）;对增加土壤含水量、增加土壤微生物总量、促进玉米根系生长方面的作用,深层土壤大于表层土壤;从不同耕作深度进行比较,深松45 cm〉深松35 cm〉深松30 cm〉传统耕作,即耕作越深,对土壤物理性状和作物根系生长影响越大。不同耕作处理间玉米产量无显著性差异。综合研究区的土壤性质、作物生长、自然环境等因素,雨养农区可采用免耕—深松的循环耕作模式,改良土壤性质,提高经济效益。     

缓闭止回阀防护水锤的研究

笔者就水泵扬水的压力输水系统中设置气压式调压室和缓闭止回阀的问题 ,建立了实验模型和相应的数学模型 ,并进行了理论分析研究、数值模拟和实验研究 ;通过实验 ,验证了数值模拟的数学模型和计算程序 ,并且指出了缓闭止回阀使用的范围 ,纠正了使用缓闭止回阀的误区 ,对提高压力水系统安全性及降低工程成本具有现实意义。     

海平面上升对长江三角洲地区的影响评价研究

气候变暖导致的全球性海平面加速上升严重威胁着沿海国家和地区的持续发展。作为世界五大三角洲之一的长江三角洲及其邻近地区，其地势低平，人口稠密，经济发达，因而所受海平观上升的威胁更加严重。根据ＩＰＣＣ拟定的方案，对于未来海平面另速上升所造成的沿海地区脆弱性影响评价，取海平面上升３０、６５和１００ｃｍ三种情况进行研究，本地区内岸段是我国海岸侵蚀最为严重的岸段。长江口的潮水上溯使盐水入侵、造成水质恶化，海     

在数字信号处理中二进制数量化引起的有限字长效应

在数字信号处理中,采用不同的二进制数的表示方法及量化方式,其误差相距甚远.本文首先分析二进制数的不同表示方式是产生有限字长误差的直接原因,然后对三种二进制数的表示方法及两种量化方式做了详细的说明及分析,同时,还利用MATLAB对不同量化方式的误差敏感性进行了分析,并针对具体问题进行了归纳和总结,提出了相应的解决方案.信号处理在林业森林生态信息处理以及林业生产安全信息处理等方面具有重要的意义.     

渤海湾风暴潮灾害及对策

较详细地分析了天津、河北沿海地区风暴潮时空分布规律、灾情、产生的原因, 指出近年来本区风暴潮发生频率和强度有明显增加的趋势, 而且造成的经济损失增长更快。在过去４０ ａ中, 每过１０ ａ 灾损约增加１０ 倍。并提出了防潮减灾对策     

饮用水处理中不同来源生物活性炭微生物群落多样性和结构研究

通过限制性片段长度多态性技术考察了饮用水深度处理中5种不同来源生物活性炭的微生物群落多样性和结构.单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较高的A炭、B炭和C炭的多样性指数较为接近,其微生物多样性更为丰富,而单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较低的D炭、E炭多样性指数较低.生物活性炭样品的系统发育树中包含β-Proteobacteria、α-Proteobacteria、Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes等5类种群.其中β-Proteobacteria和α-Proteobacteria是微生物群落的优势种群,对水中有机物的去除起到重要的作用.Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes是微生物群落的非优势种群.Bacteroidetes出现在A炭、B炭、C炭和D炭中,而没有出现在E炭中.研究结果进一步加深了对生物活性炭中微生物群落的认识,为确保饮用水质安全提供理论基础.     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

TBP型三相组合式过电压保护器爆炸原因分析与对策

TBP型三相组合式过电压保护器逐步取代了MOA（氧化锌避雷器）和SiC（碳化硅避雷器）,广泛应用在6～35kV电压等级变配电设施上,由于内部绝缘受潮和串联间隙的位移,运行中爆炸事故常有发生,分析了爆炸产生的原因,提出了避免发生爆炸事故的措施。