Trophic attributes of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in the mangrove swamps of Imo River Estuary,Nigeria

Aspects of the trophic attributes of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus occurring in the mangrove swamps of Imo River　Estuary, Nigeria, were investigated during a 12-month period (April, 1992-March, 1993). Feeding intensity increased with size, it was　higher in the dry season(November-April) than in the wet season(May-October), monthly changes in the indices of feeding intensity were　significantly correlated. Major food objects comprised detritus and benthic algae; crustaceans, insects, macrophyte matter and sand grains were minor food objects while fish, molluscs, Chilopoda, nematodes and fungi were unconsciously devoured objects. Diet varied seasonally; algae and sesarmid crabs were generally more in the dry season than during the rains whereas FPOM and fish increased in the wet over dry season.The mudskipper display a high degree of euryphagy and can be considered as a generalist and an omnivore. The lower trophic status of P.barbarus qualifies it as a good aquaculture candidate. Food richness was higher in big-sized class(BSC) than small-sized class(SSC). Sizebased and seasonal variations were not apparent in food richness. Diet breadth was higher in the BSC than the SSC, there was dry season increase in diet breadth.     

小兴安岭毛赤杨沼泽CH4、N2O排放规律及其对人为干扰的响应

选择小兴安岭山区毛赤杨（Alnus sibirica）沼泽为研究对象,利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究两个生长季内（2007年和2008年）沼泽湿地在自然状态下CH4、N2O排放通量的变化规律及其主要影响因素,以及在不同采伐干扰（皆伐、45%择伐）方式下,CH4和N2O排放通量的变化过程.结果表明,2007年CH4和N2O平均排放通量分别为1.03 mg·m-2·h-1和58.56μg·m-2·h-1,2008年分别为20.57 mg·m-2·h-1和17.41 μg·m-2·h-1; CH4排放高峰期均发生在夏、秋两季,N2O排放规律不明显.皆伐沼泽和45%择伐沼泽CH4平均排放量分别为597.06、237.05 μg·m-2·h-1,N2O平均排放量分别为35.84、114.51μg·m-2·h-1;与天然沼泽相比,CH4排放量明显下降,N2O排放通量明显升高.水位是CH4排放的主要影响因子,但当水位达到一定高度时不再成为限制因子,土壤温度与CH4排放相关性显著,相对较低水位与相对较高土壤温度有利于N2O排放;积水水位是影响沼泽不同年份CH4和N2O通量排放差异的主要影响因子,采伐引起的土壤温度和水位的变化是干扰地与对照地CH4和N2O排放产生差异的主要原因.     

重金属在土壤-空心菜系统中的迁移分配

通过盆栽试验,研究了Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd单一与复合污染条件下在土壤-空心菜系统中的迁移分配情况.结果表明:单一和复合污染情况下,空心菜地上部重金属的富集系数大体表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,重金属转运系数则表现为Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu.与单一污染相比较,复合污染条件下,Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd富集系数下降,Cu的转运系数升高,而Zn,Pb和Cd的转运系数降低.单一污染条件下,随着土壤中重金属质量分数的增大,Cu的富集系数和转运系数都相应减小;Zn和Pb的富集系数增大而转运系数减少;Cd的富集系数增大,但转运系数变化很小.整体上看,复合污染条件下,土壤w(Cu)的增加使Zn,Pb和Cd在空心菜中的富集系数明显减小;土壤w(Zn)的增加使空心菜中Cd的富集系数明显减小;土壤w(Pb)的增加使空心菜中Cu的富集系数明显增大;土壤w(Cd)的增加使空心菜中Pb的富集系数明显增大.      

广西英罗港红树林沼泽沉积物和大型底栖动物中重金属含量的研究

１９９４年测定了广西英罗港红树林区沼泽沉积物和大型底栖动物中重金属Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ的含量。结果表明：沉积物重金属含量比潮沟的高；沉积物中的重金属含量与有机质含量存在显著正相关关系；英罗港红树林区部分沉积物己受到Ｃｄ和Ｐｂ的污染。各类动物重金属平均含量Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ以软体动物，Ｃｕ以甲壳动物，Ｐｂ以星虫类最高。在动物总体水平上，林内动物重金属含量稍高于潮沟动物。在种类和动物类别水平上则无明显差别。各潮带动物重金属含量规律混乱。少数大型底栖动物受到Ｃｄ或Ｐｂ的污染。     

Intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobhdae) in the mangrove swamps of IMO Estuary, Nigeria

Between April 1992 and March 1993,intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus was studied.Sec was differentiated on the basis of the genital papillae,it was broader in females than males.Sexually active females were slightly heavier than similarly-sized males.Sex ratio was strongly female-biased.Length-weight relationship of the sexes was isometric.There was no significant difference in the feeding intensity of both sexes;uniformity was also apparent in diet breadth.There was no named sex-based difference in hepatosometic index but condition index was higher in males than females.the uniformity in intersexual plasticity of P.barbarus is consequent upon homogeneity of the mangrove ecosystem,which can only be altered anthropogenically.     

中美湿地保护立法比较研究

本文对中美湿地保护的立法概念、立法体系、立法特色内容等进行了比较,总结了美国湿地保护立法中可供我国借鉴的经验,并为我国瘟地保护立法相关内容的构建和完善提出了建议。     

中国海岸湿地环境特点与开发利用

海岸湿地是由低地、滩涂与生物群落组合的海岸环境。中国海岸湿地环境受季风波浪、潮汐与大河影响的河海交互作用为特征,地跨39个纬度带,其面积约占中国湿地总面积的1/5。按成因与表相可分为：河口芦苇、草滩湿地,平原海岸草滩盐沼湿地及在华南隐蔽港湾顶部红树林沼泽湿地3种类型。均具有潮上带、潮间带与潮下带分带特性。海岸湿地是珍贵的新生空间资源,但由于滥伐垦殖、外来生物种属入侵危害、陆源水沙减少及海平面上升招致海岸侵蚀、盐潮入侵与内涝频繁等灾害影响,海岸湿地环境质量下降,面临着解决海岸湿地生态保护与沿海人民生计这一新生矛盾问题。需沿流域进行陆海结合的系统研究与对比总结,找出湿地保护与开发的临界度,全面规划实施。     

Productivity and Distribution of Epipellic Microalgae Along Salinity Gradients in Mangrove Swamp of the Qua Iboe Estuary (NIGERIA)

Based on spatial variation in tidal mud salinity, direct gradient analysis procedures were adopted to relate the productivity and distribution of epipellic microalgae along salinity gradients in mangrove swamp of the Qua Iboe Estuary. Variations in mud salinities were due to distance from the coast, tidal incursions and freshwater input. The dilution effect of fresh water input from rainfall, urban runoff and associated freshwater creeks was most severe during the rainy season month of July, with much lower salinity levels recorded, in comparison to higher salinity values, recorded for same sampling locations during the drier month of December. In the dry season, all the microalgae species but Closterium (a genus of soft, green algae) and Oscillatoria (a cyanobacterium) species encountered in the tidal mud flats showed statistically significant negative correlations with salinity, while most microalgae species excluding Oscillatoria and Closterium species were positively correlated with the same factor during the wet season. Four Ecological Groups of microalgae, were established in the dry season month of December as against two Ecological Groups in the wet season month of July. However no microalgae species was found to occur on the highest values of mud salinity and there were overlapping range of occurrences and ecological optima for most species along the gradients.     

洪湖沼泽土及涝洼水稻土水生作物开发研究

简要介绍了洪湖湖区的生态环境，阐述了湖周沼泽土和涝洼水稻土的性质及其开发利用现状。还报导了作者在该湖湖周进行水生作物开发利用研究的结果     

放牧管理对藏北高寒沼泽草甸群落结构的影响

采用样带法研究了冬季放牧、冬春季放牧和全年放牧3种放牧管理模式对西藏高寒沼泽草甸高度、盖度、地上生物量及群落结构的影响.研究表明,3种放牧管理模式下的高寒沼泽草甸植被群落物种数差异不显著（p〉0.05）,高度、盖度和地上生物量差异显著（p〈0.05）。冬季放牧、冬春季放牧和全年放牧沼泽草甸地上生物量依次降低。放牧管理对沼泽草甸群落多样性影响较大,不同放牧管理模式下的沼泽草甸Shannon-Wiener指数差异显著（p〈0.05）,冬春放牧沼泽草甸Shannon-Wiener指数较冬季放牧和全年放牧沼泽草甸低。冬季放牧和全年放牧沼泽草甸Margalef指数和Pielou指数差异不显著,显著（p〈0.05）高于冬春季放牧沼泽草甸。