基于拉曼光谱的铅致肝细胞生物分子变化研究

利用拉曼光谱技术采集不同铅离子暴露时间(0.5,1.5,3,6,12,24h)、暴露浓度(0.05,0.1,0.5,1,5mg/L)下HepG2细胞的光谱数据,欲探究在不同铅暴露条件下肝细胞的分子变化及其相关机制.研究结果发现,在不同条件下各组细胞的光谱形态基本相同,但部分特征峰的吸光度强度存在差异.经多元统计分析发现,除6h外,同一暴露时间下不同暴露浓度细胞的光谱数据在LD1上均存在离散趋势,并在暴露24h时最明显.细胞内蛋白质、脂质、核酸、类胡萝卜素、碳水化合物等生物分子的特征峰表现出明显差异,但不同类型生物分子发生显著变化的时间并不相同.由此可见铅暴露可损伤肝细胞蛋白质、脂质、核酸、类胡萝卜素的结构并影响其正常功能,这种毒性效应呈剂量-效应关系,且随暴露时间的增加而增加.本研究说明拉曼光谱可以实现铅对肝细胞生物分子变化的相关检测,这不仅为之后的细胞毒理研究提供了新的思路,同时也为环境污染物的安全评价提供了理论依据.     

Interactions between lead(II) ions and dissolved organic matter derived from organic fertilizers incubated in the field

This work was to study composition characteristics and the subsequent effect on the lead (Pb) binding properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from seaweed-based (SWOF) and chicken manure organic fertilizers (CMOF) during a one-year field incubation experiment using the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis. Results showed that high aromatic and hydrophobic fluorescent substances were enriched in CMOF-derived DOM and SWOF-derived DOM and enhanced over time. And phenolic groups in the fulvic-like substances for SWOF-derived DOM and carboxyl groups in the humic-like substances for CMOF-derived DOM had the fastest responses over time, respectively. Moreover, both non-fluorescent polysaccharides and fluorescent humic-like substances or fulvic-like substances with aromatic (C=C) groups first participated in the binding process of Pb to SWOF-derived DOM on day 0 and 180 during the lead binding process. In contrast, humic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and phenolic groups gave a faster response to Pb binding on day 360. Regarding CMOF-derived DOM, the fulvic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and carboxylic groups displayed a faster response to Pb ions on day 0. Nonetheless, polysaccharides and humic-like associated with phenolic groups had a faster response on days 180 and 360. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides, which participated in Pb binding to CMOF-derived DOM, posed a higher risk of Pb in the environment after 360 days. Therefore, these findings gave new insights into the long-term applications of commercial organic fertilizers for the amendment of soil.     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the fetal brain

Fetal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is technically feasible in utero and demonstrates similar findings to those observed in neonatal populations. MRS can provide additional information to conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging of the fetal brain. It is of particular use when subtle changes are present on conventional fetal MRI sequences, and when imaging fetuses at risk of brain injury and metabolic abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

运用三维荧光光谱解析高温厌氧产氢反应过程对温度变化的响应

为建立反应器运行状态的荧光光谱快速监测方法,应用三维荧光光谱表征了高温厌氧反应器的出水,采用平行因子分析方法分析后得到3种荧光组分——蛋白质、辅酶NADH和核黄素,并获得它们的激发发射光谱图及相对浓度.结果表明,当温度从50 ℃上升到60 ℃的过程中,3种荧光物质的相对浓度均呈现相应的变化,它们与反应器的运行参数呈现明显相关性.进一步研究表明,核黄素是高温厌氧产氢反应中的特有荧光物质,采用标准加入法和二阶校正方法可以测定其实际浓度,出水中核黄素浓度变化范围为0.04~0.13 mg·L^-1.该研究为厌氧产氢反应器的运行监控提供了理论基础.     

重金属离子与依诺沙星相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

荧光分析法是利用物质的荧光性质对物质进行分析的方法,文章应用荧光法研究了不同温度下重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+与喹诺酮类药物依诺沙星(ENX)的相互作用。结果表明:Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+对ENX内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成复合物所引起的静态猝灭,利用Stern-Volmer关系式计算了ENX与重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+之间的猝灭常数KSV及结合位点数,根据热力学参数(自由能变ΔG、焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS)确定了ENX与重金属离子之间的主要作用力类型为静电作用力。该研究为探讨环境中重金属离子与ENX的作用机理和环境效应提供了理论依据。     

Biological sulfate removal from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using a two-stage UASB reactor

A two-stage UASB reactor was employed to remove sulfate from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater. Mesophilic operation (35±0.5℃) was performed with hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied between 28 and 40 hr. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the reactor was maintained about 8000 mg/L. The results indicated that sulfate removal was enhanced with increasing the ratio of COD/SO₄^2-. At low COD/SO₄^2-, the growth of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was carbon-limited. The optimal sulfate removal efficiencies were 75% when the HRT was no less than 38 hr. Sulfidogenesis mainly happened in the sulfate-reducing stage, while methanogenesis in the methane-producing stage. Microbes in sulfate-reducing stage performed granulation better than that in methane-producing stage. Higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content in sulfate-reducing stage helped to adhere and connect the flocculent sludge particles together. SRB accounted for about 31% both in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage at COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 0.5, while it dropped dramatically from 34% in sulfate-reducing stage to 10% in methane-producing stage corresponding to the COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 4.7. SRB and MPA were predominant in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage respectively.     

番茄光合荧光特性及其镉吸收对土壤镉污染的响应

为探究番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）对镉污染的修复潜力,采用土壤盆栽试验方法,研究了在土壤镉施加含量为2,4,8,16,24,48mg/kg条件下,番茄生长、光合荧光特性及其镉吸收响应特点.结果表明,在土壤中施加镉含量大于8mg/kg时,番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合性能和荧光参数,以及生物量显著低于没有施加镉的对照（P<0.05）,表现出较强的Cd敏感性.同时,在所有镉处理中,番茄叶片对镉的富集系数（2.48~6.60）和转移系数（1.21~3.90）均大于1,表现出较强的富集能力,但经计算其土壤Cd去除率较低.因此,供试番茄品种是Cd的敏感作物,对土壤镉污染修复的潜力较小.     

舟山渔场有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的三维荧光-平行因子分析

利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)-平行因子分析(PARAFAC)技术研究春季舟山渔场有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光成分组成、分布特征及来源.PARAFAC模型解析出舟山渔场CDOM由2类5个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质成分C1(330/420 nm)、C2[(290)365/440 nm]、C3[(260)370/490 nm]及类蛋白质成分C4(285/340 nm)、C5(270/310 nm).5种荧光组分的平面分布模式基本一致,在各层均呈现由近岸海域向远岸海域逐渐减小的趋势,但各层又略有差别.表层高值区出现在杭州湾口外北部海域、虾峙门航道口外海域,且杭州湾口外北部海域的荧光值要高于虾峙门航道口外海域;中层高值出现区域与表层相同,但杭州湾口外北部海域的荧光值要低于虾峙门航道口外海域;底层从近岸向远岸梯度减小,高值区出现在舟山本岛附近海域.各荧光组分的分布与盐度之间存在明显负相关关系,与叶绿素a的线性关系不明显.分析表明,春季舟山渔场CDOM表、中层主要受长江输入和舟山工农业等人为活动排放影响,而底层主要受舟山工农业等人为活动排放影响.从垂直分布模式上,CDOM在30°N断面上由中、表层水体向底层呈现逐渐减小的趋势,并在近岸和远岸海域都出现了高值区,且与盐度低值区、叶绿素a高值区相对应,反映该断面近岸区CDOM主要受长江输入影响,远岸区CDOM主要受生物活动影响;在30°N断面,CDOM分布模式与30.5°N断面基本类似,只是在近岸区域底层出现CDOM高值区,可能是由于潮汐、底层上升流等物理外力作用下,沉积物间隙水中高浓度的CDOM释放出来,使得靠近沉积物界面的底层水体中CDOM浓度升高.5种荧光组分中,C1、C3、C4之间相关性较强,与C2、C5相关性相对较弱,说明C1、C3、C4在来源上具有相似性与C2、C5有一定的差异性.春季舟山渔场CDOM腐殖化指数(HIX)的值较小,反映了春季舟山渔场CDOM的腐殖化程度较低,稳定性较差,在环境中存在时间较短;生物指数(BIX)在舟山外海出现高值区,近岸海域出现低值区,反映出在近岸海域人类活动的影响较大,而在外海生物活动的影响较为明显.