超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚的试验

通过间歇试验对超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚（CPs）废水进行了研究，结果表明，超声波／纳米铁协同对CPs的降解率明显高于单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁的降解率；协同体系、单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁降解CPs均符合准一级反应动力学，协同体系的降解速率较单纯超声波提高了5．1-5．6倍，较单纯纳米铁提高了17．7～21倍，并且比它们的几何迭加值高4倍以上；氯代苯酚降解的准一级速率常数和降解率满足以下规律：PEP〉2，4，5-TCP〉2，4-DCP〉3-CP；探讨了混合废水的降解：在混合废水体系中，结构易裂解的优先降解，然后为浓度高的优先降解。     

四氯乙烯和对二氯苯对草鱼的联合毒性

采用水生污染暴露试验和水生毒理联合效应相加指数法,研究了四氯乙烯(PCE)和对二氯苯(P-DCB)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的单一毒性与联合毒性.结果表明,PCE和P-DCB的单一毒性均为高毒,且P-DCB的毒性大于PCE.PCE和P-DCB对草鱼的联合染毒在浓度1:1时,暴露时间为24,48,72,96h的相加指数(AI)分别为0.26,0.37,0.78,0.98,联合毒性为相加作用.PCE与P-DCB对草鱼的联合染毒在毒性1:1时,暴露时间为24,48,72,96h的AI分别为-0.15,0.24,0.83,1.30,联合毒性主要是相加作用,但是随着染毒时间的延长,联合毒性由相加作用向协同作用转变.     

The synergistic interaction of Nickel(II) with dna damaging agents

In this report we present several examples in which nickel(II) in combination with DNA damaging agents caused an enhanced or synergistic biological response using several different endpoints. These examples of Ni(II) toxicity represent several approaches designed to understand the genotoxicity of Ni(II) as well as several other metal ions. They are discussed in this report as a partial basis for our hypothesis that Ni(II) may alter the cellular processing of DNA damage at some common point in the pathway for DNA repair of several different agents. In cultured Chinese hamster cells DNA damage by Ni(II) ions was not readily demonstrated by the method of alkaline elution, but pretreatment of cells with Ni(II) before X‐irradiation produced an enhanced amount of strand breaks compared to the amount produced by X‐rays alone. A synergistic enhancement of cell transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells was observed for combined treatments of Ni(II) and benzo(a)pyrene. The nickel enhancement of mutagenesis by ultraviolet light was demonstrated for the bacterial gene gpt stably integrated into the Chinese hamster V79 genome.     

Oviposition stimulants for the pipevine swallowtail butterfly,Battus philenor (Papilionidae), from anAristolochia host plant: Synergism between inositols,aristolochic acids and a monogalactosyl diglyceride

Aristolochia macrophylla (Lam.) is a major host of the pipevine swallowtail butterfly,Battus philenor (L.), in the eastern United States. The female butterflies use a synergistic mixture of inositols, acids and a lipid as oviposition cues in recognizing this plant on contact. The acids and lipid, all isolated from the Et₂O-CHCl₃ fraction of an alcoholic extract of fresh foliage, were identified as aristolochic acid I (1), aristolochic acid II (2) and 1,2-[di(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9, 12, 15-trienoyl]-3-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (3). Identifications were facilitated by UV, MS (EI and FAB) and NMR (1D and 2D) spectral techniques and by analysis of the hydrolysis products of 3. The active inositols were identified as D-(+)-pinitol, reported previously, and sequoyitol. Though this is apparently the first report of oviposition responses to a diacyl glycerol glycoside by a phytophagous insect, responses to aristolochic acids and sequoyitol have been reported previously for anAristolochia-feeding swallowtail of a different genus in Japan. This indicates substantial evolutionary conservatism in chemical oviposition cues within the tribe Troidini.     

电晕放电等离子体协同钨酸铋对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的降解研究

采用电晕放电等离子体协同钨酸铋降解水中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯.利用水热法合成γ-Bi2WO6,通过XRD、SEM、TEM和XRF对合成产物进行了结构、形貌及成分分析,结果表明:合成的催化剂是一种高纯度、高结晶度的涡旋状纳米材料.以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为目标污染物,探究了等离子体放电和钨酸铋光催化的协同效果及输出功率、催化剂量、催化剂重复使用次数、羟基自由基清除剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯去除率的影响.结果表明:电晕放电等离子体和钨酸铋光催化有明显的协同作用,在放电功率50 W、初始浓度100 mg·L~(-1)、空气流速2 L·h-1、钨酸铋添加量为0.7 g·L~(-1)、初始p H 6.31、初始电导率4.05μS·cm-1的条件下,反应30 min,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除率可高达到90%.反应过程中,钨酸铋催化剂表现出低吸附性、高沉降性和较好的重复利用效果.加入羟基自由基清除剂可一定程度的抑制邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的降解.     

在模拟酸性海洋大气环境中锌缓蚀剂的研制

目的寻找有效抑制锌大气腐蚀的缓蚀剂配方。方法采用静态失重法、极化曲线法和交流阻抗法,研究模拟酸性海洋大气环境中,多聚磷酸钠单独使用以及分别与香草醛、碘化钾、硫脲复配使用时对锌腐蚀的缓蚀作用。结果多聚磷酸钠单独使用时对腐蚀介质中的锌具有较好的缓蚀作用,多聚磷酸钠与香草醛、碘化钾、硫脲之间有良好的协同缓蚀效应,最佳质量配比分别为3∶1,1∶2,1∶4。多聚磷酸钠以及多聚磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂;它们能够在锌表面形成一层保护膜,从而抑制锌的腐蚀。结论寻找到的缓蚀剂配方能够有效抑制锌的大气腐蚀。     

离子液体与有机磷农药间的毒性相互作用

"绿色"溶剂离子液体(ILs)与其他污染物之间的毒性相互作用已有报道,但相关数据仍较为缺乏。以7种具有不同阴阳离子组成的ILs:溴化丁基吡啶(IL1)、氯化丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑(IL2)、丁基-3-甲基咪唑翁磷酸盐(IL3)、丁基-3-甲基咪唑正辛基硫酸(IL4)、丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑二乙二醇单甲醚硫酸盐(IL5)、辛基-3-甲基咪唑二乙基醚单甲磺硫酸(IL6)和氯化己基-3-甲基咪唑(IL7),与5种有机磷农药(OPs):敌敌畏(DIC)、乐果(DIM)、草甘膦(GLY)、久效磷(MON)和磷胺(PHO),作为混合物组分,以等效应浓度比射线法设计7种ILs分别与5种OPs等EC_(50)配比的35组二元混合物,应用微板毒性分析法(MTA)测定这些混合物对青海弧菌Q67的毒性,以浓度加和(CA)和独立作用(IA)为参考模型分析毒性相互作用。结果表明,不同的IL-OP混合物呈现的作用类型不同:如IL1-DIM、IL2-DIM、IL3-DIM、IL6-DIM、IL2-MON和IL7-DIM的混合物呈明显的拮抗作用;IL3-DIC和IL2-GLY的混合物呈明显的协同作用;IL5-DIM和IL4-MON的混合物在较高浓度区呈拮抗作用;而IL3-GLY和IL6-DIC的混合物在较高浓度区呈协同作用;其余的混合物则为加和作用。     

3种离子液体与甲霜灵二元混合物的联合毒性

选择3种咪唑类离子液体(ILs): C10H19ClN2 (IL1), C12H23ClN2 (IL2), C16H31ClN2 (IL3)和一种杀菌剂甲霜灵(MET)为混合物组分,以直接均分射线法构建3组二元混合物体系:MET-IL1, MET-IL2和MET-IL3. 应用微板毒性分析法(MTA)测定二元混合物对青海弧菌Q67 (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.–Q67)的联合毒性.通过比较实验毒性数据与浓度加和(CA)参考模型分析混合物的毒性相互作用,并利用半数效应浓度(EC50)水平下的等效线图分析毒性变化规律.结果表明3组二元混合物的相互作用明显不同.在MET-IL1和MET-IL2 2组二元体系中,MET浓度比例越高,拮抗作用越明显;在MET-IL3二元体系中,随着MET浓度比例的减小,MET与IL3的相互作用由加和变为协同,并且MET比例越小,协同作用越明显.     

Evaluation of the larvicidal efficacy of extracts from three plants and their synergistic action with propoxur against larvae of the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)

Petroleum ether extracts of Piper longum, Curcuma aromatica, and Ocimum basilicum were tested for their larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus, a filarial vector using WHO standard procedures. Among the three plants, extract of P. longum was found to be highly effective with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ being 0.89 and 1.49 ppm, respectively. C. aromatica also showed significant larvicidal activity with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ being 11.41 and 17.36 ppm, respectively. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ for O. baslicum were 76.67 and 200.56 ppm, respectively. Propoxur, a carbamate was also studied for its larvicidal activity, which showed LC₅₀ to be 0.09 ppm and LC₉₀ to be 0.16 ppm. Synergistic studies of all three plant extracts with propoxur revealed P. longum as a more efficient synergist with synergistic factor (SF) of 4.13 for LC₅₀ value and 1.68 for LC₉₀. Both C. aromatica and O. basilicum exhibited antagonistic activity at their respective LC₉₀ values with propoxur. At 1 : 1 ratio of the phytoextracts and propoxur, P. longum and C. aromatica showed synergism whereas O. basilicum displayed additive effect. Thus, P. longum was found to be a better larvicidal and synergistic agent at all tested ratios. Evidence indicates that mixed formulations of phytoextracts with insecticides might reduce the concentration of the chemicals to be applied for vector control.     

纳米铁协同超声降解氯苯的研究

报道了纳米铁协同超声波降解一氯代苯 (CB)的研究。探讨了有效声强、pH、CB初始浓度对降解效果的影响。比较了纳米铁协同超声波和单纯超声波对CB的降解效果和降解速率 ,反应 2 0min时 ,纳米铁协同超声波的降解率达到95 % ,而单纯超声波的降解率仅为 1 0 8%。上述两者都符合准一级反应动力学 ,超声波降解CB的准一级速率动力学常数k=6× 1 0 -3 min-1 ,而协同作用降解CB的准一级动力学常数k =1 6 3× 1 0 -1 min-1 ,提高了 2 7倍。