Bark salicylates and condensed tannins reduce vole browsing amongst cultivated dark-leaved willows (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salix myrsinifolia</Emphasis>)

Summary. Vole feeding amongst herbal willows that have a high concentration of salicylates in their bark and leaves, and may therefore be cultivated for use as raw material for herbal medicine was tested in the field and in laboratory conditions. Eight clones of dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia Salisb.) were cultivated for two years with six different methods combining three fertilisation levels (none, low and high), black plastic mulch applied for suppressing weed competition and unmulched control. Samples for the laboratory feeding trial were taken from the unfertilised plants during willow winter dormancy and twigs were fed to 16 voles as a multi-choice experiment. The bark area removed was calculated from image analysis of the material left by the voles. The diameter and the bark thickness of the twigs were measured. Concentrations of salicin, salicortin, HCH-salicortin, picein, triandrin, triandrin derivative, gallocatechin, (+)-catechin, luteolin-7-glucoside, hyperin, total condensed tannins and total nitrogen were measured from the twigs fed to voles in the laboratory. Browsing by a natural population of voles amongst winter-dormant willows was measured in the field. In the laboratory, voles browsed on 80% of the twigs and in the field voles browsed on 33% of the twigs. Vole feeding followed similar patterns in the field and in the laboratory experiment; feeding was clearly higher amongst the plants grown in unmulched control compared to those in plastic mulch. The same clones, 1, 2 and 6 were preferred in both experiments. Voles preferred thin twigs to thick ones. Feeding correlated negatively with concentrations of salicylates and tannins. As vole feeding seems to be highly affected by willow cultivation method and plant genotype, careful selection of cultivated clones and cultivation methods can enhance the reliability of herbal willow cultivation.     

生物技术在南方果树研究中的应用

综述了微繁、胚培养、胚乳培养、花药培养、原生质体培养与融合、转基因和基因克隆、分子标记等生物技术近年来在柑桔等南方果树上的应用.     

反硝化聚磷菌群的培养驯化

以污水处理厂二沉池的活性污泥为种泥,采用SBR反应器初步完成了反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)的培养与驯化.在第1阶段的30 d里,污泥进行了厌氧-好氧驯化,聚磷菌好氧吸磷最终可基本稳定在85%左右,然后转变驯化条件进行第2阶段的厌氧-缺氧驯化,60 d后磷的去除率稳定在70%左右.通过实验得出,硝酸盐的消耗量与磷的吸收量基本呈线性关系,认为系统基本完成了污泥的驯化.     

活性污泥法快速培菌的探索与实践

本文介绍了一种快速培养，驯化活性微生物的方法，大大缩短了微物生长的停滞期，使活性污泥在培菌、驯化方面有很大的改进，做到节约时间、降低成本、减轻培菌期间的环境污染。使活性污泥法更加快速、高效。     

AUTOCAD技术在制图教学中的应用

在制图教学中,利用CAD绘制二维工程图,建立三维立体虚拟模型,培养学生思维能力,使学生达到读图并绘制完整、正确、清晰的二维工程图的目的。     

纳板河流域自然保护区拉祜族村寨对土地和野生植物资源的利用

报道了西双版纳纳板河流域自然保护区3个拉祜族村寨对土地和野生植物资源的利用现状,认为转变单纯采集为栽培种植价值大的野生植物是发展的根本出路。     

高密度培养小球藻去除CO2的研究

抗逆性强、生长速率快且能高密度培养的微藻是生物法同碳的良好材料.沼液中含有小球藻生长所需的基本营养物质,但其比例及浓度并不能满足微藻高密度发酵以大量固碳的要求.文章以沼液中驯化出的抗逆性小球藻为实验藻株,以沼液为基础培养基,考察了该藻高密度培养的条件,并将其应用于CO2的去除.结果以50％沼液为基础培养基,补加氮80 ...     

Contemporary changes in open water surface area of Lake Inle, Myanmar

From 1935 to 2000, the net open water area of Inle Lake in Central Shan State, Myanmar decreased from 69.10 to 46.69 km², a loss of 32.4% during this 65-year period. Local beliefs are that losses in lake area have been even greater within the last 100–200 years. Various activities, including timber removal, shifting agriculture in the uplands by various ethnic groups, and unsustainable cultivation practices on the low- and mid-level hillslopes around the lake, have been blamed for both historical and ongoing sedimentation. We take issue with attributing loss of lake area to these activities, and propose instead that ongoing “in-lake” and “near-lake” agricultural practices are the main sources of contemporary sediment and loss of open water area. About 93% (i.e., 20.84 km²) of the recent loss in open water area of the lake is due to the development of floating garden agriculture, largely along the west side of the lake. Direct environmental impacts associated with this practice and with other agriculture activities within the wetlands and margins of the lake include sedimentation, eutrophication, and pollution. Whilst the sustainability of hillslope agriculture and past forestry practices can indeed be questioned, a more urgent need is to address these "in-lake" and "near-lake" practices.     

滇池流域典型小流域农业种植情况调查

采用资料收集、GPS定位、实地踏勘及走访式问卷调查方式,对滇池流域典型小流域柴河流域、牧羊河流域、宝象河流域的农业种植基本情况进行抽样调查,调查结果显示小流域上游到下游,农民人均耕地面积不断减少,复种指数和大棚种植比例逐渐增加;柴河流域的化肥施用强度上游高下游低,宝象河和牧羊河流域的化肥施用强度上游低、下游高。     

生态脆弱区耕地集约利用水平分析

以米脂县高西沟村为例,通过构建耕地集约利用评价指标体系,利用主成分分析方法进行分析,探讨高西沟在实施有效的水土治理措施后,耕地集约利用情况,得出结论：1997—2006年米脂县高西沟村耕地集约利用情况呈波动上升趋势,1999～2001年出现下降趋势,这与当年的自然灾害有关;高西沟村非农指数、单位化肥投入、复种指数和人均纯收入,极大地影响到耕地的集约利用水平,说明农户的经济情况影响高西沟耕地集约利用程度。