China's Voluntary Mitigation Target and Road of Low-carbon Development

China is going through a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization.Although tremendous achievements have been made in the aspects of energy conservation,improvement of energy effectiveness and development of new and renewable energies,because of the rapid development of economy,it is difficult to change the huge total amount and fast increase of CO2 emission in the near future.China has to confront the tough challenge to address global climate change.China plans to reduce carbon intensity,that is,CO2 emissions per unit GDP,by 40 to 45% by 2020 compared with the 2005 level.It is a strategic option to coordinate domestic sustainable development with coping with global climate change on the basis of China’s national circumstances,representing the core content and key measures for transforming development pattern and realizing low-carbon development.To achieve the target,more capital and technology inputs are required for energy conservation and low-carbon development during the twelfth and Thirteenth Five Year Plan period than in the Eleventh Five Year Plan period.In addition,energy conservation achieved by structural adjustment,industrial upgrading and product value-added improvement is also expected to play a greater role.Therefore,China should strengthen technological innovation,make greater efforts to transform the development pattern,take advantage of the synergistic effect of policies and measures while coping with global climate change and building a domestic tow-oriented society.China should also establish an industrial system characterized by low-carbon emission.Then China will ultimately achieve a win-win situation in both domestic sustainable development and coping with global climate change.     

Phytoremediation potential of the novel atrazine tolerant Lolium multiflorum and studies on the mechanisms involved

Atrazine impact on human health and the environment have been extensively studied. Phytoremediation emerged as a low cost, environmental friendly biotechnological solution for atrazine pollution in soil and water. In vitro atrazine tolerance assays were performed and Lolium multiflorum was found as a novel tolerant species, able to germinate and grow in the presence of 1 mg kg⁻¹ of the herbicide. L. multiflorum presented 20% higher atrazine removal capacity than the natural attenuation, with high initial degradation rate in microcosms. The mechanisms involved in atrazine tolerance such as mutation in psbA gene, enzymatic detoxification via P₄₅₀ or chemical hydrolysis through benzoxazinones were evaluated. It was demonstrated that atrazine tolerance is conferred by enhanced enzymatic detoxification via P₄₅₀. Due to its atrazine degradation capacity in soil and its agronomical properties, L. multiflorum is a candidate for designing phytoremediation strategies for atrazine contaminated agricultural soils, especially those involving run-off avoiding.     

基于EKC的全面小康中国与发达国家环境质量比较

以2020年全面建成小康社会目标为依据,比较了我国2020年与主要发达国家同等经济水平阶段在能源消耗、大气环境、水环境等方面的差距。研究发现:主要发达国家环境质量拐点出现在20世纪70年代末到80年代初,人均GDP在1.4万~1.5万美元左右。人均GDP在1.1万~1.2万美元阶段时,我国大气污染物排放强度低于发达国家,但大气环境质量差于发达国家;主要水污染排放量高于主要发达国家,但水环境质量基本可达到发达国家同期水平。建议要正确认识环境与经济之间的EKC曲线关系,制定具有中国特色的环境问题解决路线图,提出具有阶段性、差异化、适度超前的环境质量目标。     

Biosafety assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in acutely exposed nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with mutations of genes required for oxidative stress or stress response

We used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate whether acute exposure to TiO₂-NPs at the concentration of 20 μg L⁻¹ reflecting predicted environmental relevant concentration and 25 mg L⁻¹ reflecting concentration in food can cause toxicity on nematodes with mutations of susceptible genes. Among examined mutants associated with oxidative stress and stress response, we found that genes of sod-2, sod-3, mtl-2, and hsp-16.48 might be susceptible for TiO₂-NPs toxicity. Mutations of these genes altered functions of both possible primary and secondary targeted organs in nematodes exposed to 25 mg L⁻¹ of TiO₂-NPs for 24-h. Mutations of these genes caused similar expression patterns of genes required for oxidative stress in TiO₂-NPs exposed mutant nematodes, implying their similar mechanisms to form the susceptible property. Nevertheless, acute exposure to 20 μg L⁻¹ of TiO₂-NPs for 24-h and 25 mg L⁻¹ of TiO₂-NPs for 0.48-h or 5.71-h did not influence functions of both possible primary and secondary targeted organs in sod-2, sod-3, mtl-2, and hsp-16.48 mutants. Therefore, our results suggest the relatively safe property of acute exposure to TiO₂-NPs with certain durations at predicted environmental relevant concentrations or concentrations comparable to those in food in nematodes with mutations of some susceptible genes.     

Optimization of methyl parathion biodegradation and detoxification by cells in suspension or immobilized on tezontle expressing the opd gene

The goal of this study was to optimize methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) degradation using a strain of Escherichia coli DH5α expressing the opd gene. Our results indicate that this strain had lower enzymatic activity compared to the Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 strain from which the opd gene was derived. Both strains were assessed for their ability to degrade methyl parathion (MP) in a mineral salt medium with or without the addition of glucose either as suspended cells or immobilized on tezontle, a volcanic rock. MP was degraded by both strains with similar efficiencies, but immobilized cells degraded MP more efficiently than cells in suspension. However, the viability of E. coli cells was much higher than that of the Flavobacterium sp. We confirmed the decrease in toxicity from the treated effluents through acetylcholinesterase activity tests, indicating the potential of this method for the treatment of solutions containing MP.     

人类特异性粪厌氧菌基因标记物实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立和应用

针对人类粪便污染,选择来源于拟杆菌和双歧杆菌16S rRNA的基因片段作为标记物,分别建立了相应的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法.选取不同来源的粪便样品进行检测,证实了引物的特异性.回收纯化从污水中扩增所得的目标PCR片段,经过连接转化,筛选阳性克隆提取其重组质粒作为实时荧光定量PCR的标准品.通过检测一系列梯度稀释的标准品,确定了拟杆菌基因标记物和双歧杆菌基因标记物定量PCR检测方法分别在1.98×102～1.98×107 copy/μL和2.12×101～2.12×107 copy/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系.     

中小民营企业安全管理内在动力激发的策略研究

依据安全管理学相关知识,分析中小民营企业安全管理的现状;指出中小民营企业安全管理的内部动力,即经济利益、自我实现、品牌形象及社会责任四种动力,提出中小民营企业应克服传统观念,树立"以人为本"的安全生产管理新理念,发挥内在动力,克服安全管理阻力,建立起中小民营企业安全管理内在动力策略和长效机制,形成一种创新的安全管理力量源泉,以达到安全生产的目的。     

Identification and quantification of a novel nitrate-reducing community in sediments of Suquía River basin along a nitrate gradient

We evaluated the molecular diversity of narG gene from Suquía River sediments to assess the impact of the nitrate concentration and water quality on the composition and structure of the nitrate-reducing bacterial community. To this aim, a library of one of the six monitoring stations corresponding to the highest nitrate concentration was constructed and 118 narG clones were screened. Nucleotide sequences were associated to narG gene from alpha-, beta-, delta-, gammaproteobacteria and Thermus thermophilus. Remarkably, 18% of clones contained narG genes with less than 69% similarity to narG sequences available in databases. Thus, indicating the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria with novel narG genes, which were quantified by real-time PCR. Results show a variable number of narG copies, ranging from less than 1.0 × 10² to 5.0 × 10⁴ copies per ng of DNA, which were associated with a decreased water quality index monitored along the basin at different times.