安徽省防震减灾十年目标推进策略

防震减灾十年目标的提出 ,标志着我国防震减灾进入了一个新的发展阶段。本文在论述我国防震减灾十年目标的科学涵义的基础上 ,结合安徽省的实际 ,提出了具体的指标体系 ,并全面总结了组织实施十年目标的具体做法和阶段成果 ;概括为建立两个保障体系、三大技术系统、四大社会管理职能和一个统一领导的十年目标推进策略。     

Guidelines for genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations

Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, it is not devoid of genetic risks, such as poor adaptation of transplants and outbreeding depression in the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences in terms of demographic growth and plant fitness. Hence, a follow-up genetic monitoring should evaluate whether the translocated populations are genetically viable and self-sustaining in the short and long term. The causes of failure to adjust management responses also need to be identified. Molecular markers and fitness-related quantitative traits can be used to determine whether a plant translocation enhanced genetic diversity, increased fitness, and improved the probability of long-term survival. We devised guidelines and illustrated them with studies from the literature to help practitioners determine the appropriate genetic survey methods so that management practices can better integrate evolutionary processes. These guidelines include methods for sampling and for assessing changes in genetic diversity and differentiation, contemporary gene flow, mode of local recruitment, admixture level, the effects of genetic rescue, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and local adaptation on plant fitness, and long-term genetic changes.     

Martelella sp. AD-3强化活性污泥耐盐降解菲效能

基于嗜盐菌Martelella sp. AD-3优配市政活性污泥搭建耐盐高效降解菲的生物反应器,在3.0 %盐度,进水菲浓度20mg/L的运行条件下,菲去除率高达97 %.批次实验证明,盐度为3.0 %,pH值为7.5~8.5,底物浓度为20~200mg/L是菲降解的最佳环境条件,此时污泥比活性高于1.0mg/(gVSS×h).各共存底物的受试浓度下,酵母提取物和苯酚促进菲降解,镉和氰化物则抑制该过程,乙酸钠、铜、铬对该过程没有明显影响.16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明AD-3菌在反应器内具有长期稳定性,其相对丰度维持在1.5 %.Shinella、Microbacterium和Brevundimonas是反应器中的优势菌,其相对丰度分别为20.7 %,15.1 %和11.9 %.RT-qPCR结果显示接种AD-3菌后,编码PAHs双加氧酶RHDa的功能基因差异倍数从2.1提升至11.7.     

橡胶坝对河流沉积物氮转化功能基因丰度和营养盐的影响

沉积物氮转化功能微生物是河流脱氮和水体净化的重要生物因素.为探讨橡胶坝对沉积物氮转化功能基因丰度及氮营养盐的影响，本研究以沂河沂水城区蓄水段为研究对象，从橡胶坝前不同距离采集沉积物，利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）方法研究了沉积物的反硝化功能基因（nirS、nirK、nosZ）、厌氧氨氧化功能基因（AMX）和反硝化型甲烷厌氧氧化功能基因（pmoA）的丰度及沉积物营养盐特征.结果表明：橡胶坝促进了沉积物中nirK、nirS、nosZ和pmoA基因的聚集，反硝化功能基因nirK、nirS、nosZ丰度在坝前120 ~330 m范围内较高；橡胶坝促进了沉积物NH4+、NO3-、TN、TP、TOC、有机质（OM）等营养盐的滞留，主要在120 ~360 m区域聚集，多元线性回归模型拟合度较高.相关分析表明，16S rRNA、nirK、nirS、nosZ、pmoA基因丰度与环境因子NH4+、NO3-、TN、OM、TOC、孔隙度呈正相关；PCA分析结果表明，随着沉积物环境因子主成分的增长，氮转化功能基因丰度主成分呈升高趋势.橡胶坝可促进沂河沉积物氮素等营养盐的滞留和氮转化功能微生物的聚集.     

厌氧氨氧化细菌富集培养过程微生物结构与功能解析

为了研究厌氧氨氧化细菌富集培养过程中微生物结构与功能的关系,本研究采集升流式污泥床反应器(Upflow anaerobic sludge bed,UASB)中厌氧氨氧化反应启动与驯化过程的样品,结合传统微生物培养方法和分子生物学手段,对启动过程中的氮素转化功能基因、异养菌演替及菌群演替进行了定性与定量分析.结果表明,随...