改性粉煤灰填充聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂合成工艺研究

改性粉煤灰与丙烯酸通过水溶液聚合法制备出粉煤灰／聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性复合材料。采用单因素法,分析了中和度、聚合温度、反应时间及静置分层处理对高吸水性复合材料吸水性能和耐盐性能的影响。实验结果表明：当中和度为50％、聚合温度为70℃、反应时间为5h时且静置分层处理所制备的高吸水性复合材料具有最佳的吸水性能。     

浅谈环保科技档案的开发利用

阐述了环保科技档案资源开发利用的重要性及现状,针对存在的问题提出了开发利用环境科技档案的措施。     

Changing energy intensity in China:a decomposition analysis

This study proposed a decomposition method based on the normalized quadratic shadow unit cost function to explore the determinants of the change in energy intensity in China from 1985 to 2010.The decomposition analysis indicates that (1) the improvement in technical efficiency dramatically reduced the energy intensity,whereas technological change played only a minor role,which could be attributed to a rebound effect;(2) the aggregated allocation effect was small because the change in the allocative distortion between capital and energy significantly enhanced energy intensity but was partly offset by the effect stemming from the change in the allocative distortion between capital and energy;and (3) the substitution of energy for labor increased energy intensity,but the aggregated substitution effect significantly reduced energy intensity because the substitution of capital for energy reduced energy intensity to a great extent.These findings were obtained at the national level and varied at die regional level.     

Technological Progress,Structural Change and China''s Energy Efficiency

China has witnessed rapid economic development since 1978, and during the time, energy production and consumption developed at a tremendous speed as well. Energy efficiency which can be measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP, however, experienced continuous decrease. Theoretically, the change of energy efficiency can be attributed to industry structural change and technological change. In order to explain the transformation of Chinese energy efficiency, we adopt logarithmic mean Divisia index techni...     

Harmful and Needless Emission of Refrigerant and Countermeasures

Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most-emission of refrigerants is man-made, unreasonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the ＇manual emission＇ into manual retrieving. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical countermeasures, which can create a ＇good-cycle＇ both ＇harnessing pollution and earning income simultaneously＇, reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by＇all refrigerators. This ＇good-cycle＇ method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.     

资源型区域技术创新与产业转型的耦合机理

长期来看,资源型区域在发展过程中都存在着资源耗竭问题。以资源型产业为主导的区域产业结构需要通过发展新兴产业以实现区域内的产业转型,促进区域经济的可持续发展。产业转型与技术创新之间存在着正向的相互作用,两者之间的耦合机理在于技术创新促进新产业的发展,新产业的发展又会进一步促进技术创新的进步。     

利用超声波辅助提取苦杏仁精油的工艺研究

在超声波作用下,通过使用不同溶剂,研究了苦杏仁中精油的提取方法。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁精油的提取率。通过正交实验确定影响其收率的因素,从大到小依次为料液比、提取温度和提取时间,确定最优工艺为:乙酸乙酯和四氢呋喃的混合溶剂(1∶1,V/V)为提取剂,料液比1∶20,提取温度20°C,提取时间30min,此条件下提取率为16.20%。本研究结果为纯天然苦杏仁精油的提取工艺提供了技术参数。     

浅谈V型滤池的工艺设计

介绍了V型滤池工艺特点,总结了V型滤池的工艺设计、施工安装和生产管理工作体会.     

中国工业行业技能偏向型技术变化的实证检验

近年来,我国工业行业技能劳动力的需求快速增加,技能供需矛盾日益突出。虽然有文献认为技能偏向型技术变化是其中的重要原因,但是对技能偏向型技术变化存在性的规范检验几乎一片空白。本文基于经典文献提供的实证方法,以工业全行业和大中型行业为实证对象,规范检验20世纪90年代以来我国工业技术进步的技能偏向性。首先,对技能劳动力就业份额变化进行分解的结果表明,我国工业就业结构技能升级的主导因素是细分行业内而不是细分行业之间技能劳动力就业份额的变化。其次,基于我国工业经济的特性,计量检验了技术进步、对外开放和资本-技能互补性等因素对工业就业结构技能升级的影响,揭示了技术进步与技能劳动力就业份额之间显著的正相关关系。这两方面的结果验证了20世纪90年代以来我国工业行业的技能偏向型技术变化,并为技能劳动力短缺提供了基于需求角度的解释。     

技术差距变动、研发资源驱动与技术进步效应

随着中国经济逐渐进入"新常态"时期,创新驱动经济增长已经成为中国经济增长和产业结构调整的新引擎。在创新驱动实现的过程中,研发驱动技术进步是关键环节。特别是,中国各地区之间技术差距较大,在不同技术差距下分析研发资源对技术进步的驱动效应尤为重要。本文以技术差距为转换变量,构建了中国高技术产业的面板平滑转换(PSTR)模型,对不同技术差距阶段研发、人力资本、溢出效应等对技术进步的差异化驱动效应进行了研究。研究结论发现,在技术差距的影响下,研发没有充分发挥对技术进步率的驱动效应,人力资本对技术进步率的影响呈现明显的非对称性,溢出效应对于技术进步的贡献不足。在不同技术差距间,存在着迅速和平缓两种转换机制。在快速转换机制中,研发溢出对技术进步的促进作用得以体现。而在慢速转换机制中,技术差距、人力资本对技术进步率的影响显著为正,两个转换机制中各变量的影响呈现"此消彼长"的关系。此外,技术差距适度时技术进步的"稳态"特征十分明显,而技术差距过小或过大时则是技术进步的不稳定区间。考虑到我国各地区高技术产业发展的多层次和多元化特征,各地区应根据技术水平的现状,选取适宜的高技术进行引进。关于高技术产业中的消化吸收能力不足问题,不能简单地依靠增大技术引进和消化吸收经费支出来解决。必须依靠加大技术后发地区的教育投入,提升落后地区的人力资本水平。最后,为充分实现不同地区高技术产业之间的协同创新与共同进步,还应着重组建协同创新机构,构建集成创新网络,进而形成区域内与地区间的功能互补与良好协作机制,实现高技术产业的可持续发展。