基于MODIS-EVI数据的长江三角洲地区植被变化的特征

基于2001~2010年MODIS EVI植被指数产品数据,结合国家标准气象站逐月气温、降雨及日照时数资料,对长江三角洲地区植被的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）空间分布上,该区域西南部以林地为主,而东北部以农田为主,近10 a植被变化面积占总面积的32%,以农田的转出和城镇的转入为主;（2）区域年最大EVI整体呈减少趋势（-0028/10 a）,不同季节下,夏冬季均呈减少趋势（以2月和8月份最为显著）,春秋季则呈增加趋势（以5月和10月份最为显著）;（3）不同植被类型下,城镇和农田EVI呈不同程度减少趋势,以城镇EVI下降速度(-0076/10 a）最为显著（R2=077）,而林地变化较弱;(4)研究区湿润气候环境下,农田和林地年最大EVI与日照时数和气温多呈正相关性,与降雨多呈负相关性,其中以林地EVI与2~4月份日照时数的正相关性较为显著,城镇EVI与气象因子的关系相对较弱,更多的是受城镇化等人类活动的影响     

自然灾害风险分析的时空尺度初探

自然灾害风险存在着显著的动态特性,即灾害风险会随时间与空间的变化而呈现出差异。研究自然灾害风险的时空差异是对自然灾害风险研究的进一步深化。其中,时空差异研究的一个重要前提条件是选择恰当的灾害风险分析的时空尺度。广度与粒度是时空尺度的两个孪生指标,时空广度限定了灾害风险评估在时间和空间上的有效范围,而时空粒度则是量度灾害风险时间和空间差异的最小单元。列出了风险时空差异的表达式,深入探讨自然灾害风险的时空尺度,并对我国三种典型的自然灾害(地震、洪涝和台风)风险分析的时空尺度选择进行了讨论,为进一步深入开展自然灾害风险时空差异分析奠定了基础。     

基于集对分析的中国耕地资源安全的时间演变特征研究

本文根据历史资料和各位专家的相关的研究结果,对建国以来的耕地数据进行了重建,取得了比较可靠的长时间序列的耕地数据,在此基础上,构建了集对分析模型,对建国以来的耕地资源的安全态势进行了系统的分析。结果表明,建国以来中国耕地资源安全贴近度呈现波动式的变化规律,耕地资源安全贴近度在0.4的周围波动,随着时间的推移,波动幅度逐渐变小,趋于平缓。集对分析很好的体现了耕地系统的确定和不确定性,具有计算方便、方法简单、评价客观、合理等特点。     

福州近地层臭氧分布及其与气象要素的相关性

利用2009-2010年福州市近地层臭氧的连续观测资料,分析了其时空分布特征,并结合气象要素进行了相关性分析,找出了易导致臭氧浓度超标的天气类型。结果表明,在工业源、交通源较密集的监测点,臭氧浓度较高;臭氧浓度月分布呈"双峰型",峰值在5月、10月,谷值在1月;浓度的季节排序为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季,绝大部分浓度超标日出现在春末和夏季,冬季则没有;臭氧浓度日分布呈"单峰型",清晨开始明显上升,最高小时浓度出现在午后,夜里维持在相对稳定的低值区;臭氧浓度与温度、日照、太阳辐射显著正相关,与云量、相对湿度、降水量显著负相关,受偏南和偏东风影响时臭氧浓度较高,在SSE方位上小时浓度超标率最高;超标日天气型主要有变性冷高压、地面倒槽和锋前暖区等强暖性、且非常不利于污染物扩散的天气系统。     

基于MODIS的华东地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征分析

选用2001年1月-2015年12月MODIS数据,运用线性趋势等方法研究华东地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明,2001-2015年华东地区AOD平均值变化范围在0.4~0.7之间,且呈现递减趋势。山东省西部、安徽省北部及江苏省AOD相对较高;福建省、浙江省南部及江西省南部地区AOD较低。华东地区气溶胶最低值出现在12月,最高值出现在6月;虽然冬季AOD变化趋势增长较高,但最高值仍出现在夏季。AOD主要受地形、NDVI、风速及人类活动等因素的影响,地形、NDVI、风速均与AOD呈负相关。     

Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings

Cereal straw is one of the most abundant biomass burned in China but its contribution to fine particulates is not adequately understood. In this study, three main kinds of cereal straws were collected from five grain producing areas in China. Fine particulate matters （PMzs） from the cereal straws subjected to control burnings, both under smoldering and flaming status, were sampled by using a custom made dilution chamber and sampling system in the laboratory. Element carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） was analyzed. 141 compounds of organic matters were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrum （GC-MS）. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings were obtained. The results indicated that organic matters contribute a large fraction in fine particulate matters. Levoglucosan had the highest contributions with averagely 4.5% in mass of fine particulates and can be considered as the tracer of biomass burnings. Methyloxylated phenols from lignin degradation also had high concentrations in PM2.5, and contained approximately equal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl compounds. 13-Sitostrol also made up relatively a large fraction of PMz5 compared with the other sterols （0.18%-0.63% of the total fine particle mass）. Normal alkanes, PAHs, fatty acids, as well as normal alkanols had relatively lower concentrations compared with the compounds mentioned above. Carbon preference index （CPI） of normal alkanes and alkanoic acids showed characteristics of biogenic fuel burnings. Burning status significantly influenced the formations of EC and PAHs. The differences between the emission profiles of straw and wood combustions were displayed by the fingerprint compounds, which may be used to identify the contributions between wood and straw burnings in source apportionment researches.     

基于时空分布特征的煤层瓦斯测压准确性研究

为获得真实可靠的现场实测煤层瓦斯压力,实现煤层突出灾害等级科学评价和精准防治,通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场验证相结合的方法,以双重孔隙介质为基础,根据煤层瓦斯流动模型和瓦斯压力恢复曲线,分析煤层瓦斯压力测定的时空分布及准确性,并以桃园煤矿Ⅱ1采区10煤层为例,开展工程验证.研究结果表明:当基质瓦斯压力与裂隙瓦斯压力处于...     

福宁湾活性磷酸盐和无机氮的时空变化特征

根据2002至2003年福宁湾海域的监测资料,研究该海域PO4-P、DIN的时空变化特征、营养程度现状以及本海域的营养盐限制因子.研究表明：PO4-P、DIN含量均呈冬季最高、夏季最低;福宁湾海域季度平均E值为1.48,水体已呈现富营养化状态;N/P〉16并不是福宁湾海域爆发赤潮的必要条件;福宁湾海域N/P值长期保持较高,秋、冬季N/P值较为稳定;PO4-P为福宁湾海域浮游植物生长营养盐限制因子.     

How have we,do we,and will we measure time perspective? A review of methodological and measurement issues

Despite the demonstrated importance of time perspective on key outcomes, its growing popularity, and its wide reach in terms of samples and disciplines, the construct has been plagued with definitional and measurement problems since its inception. Given the historical and current confusion regarding both conceptualization and operationalization, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methodological and measurement issues related to time perspective. Clearly, definitional and measurement clarity are critical for the success of future research. Through integrating the fragmented and eclectic time perspective literature fraught with ambiguity, we help to clarify measurement options and their psychometric evidence for future researchers. Specifically, we provide an in-depth comparison of four (and their offshoots) commonly used, scale-based measures of time perspective with respect to their dimensional content, psychometric properties, and validation evidence. We end with recommendations for time perspective research.     

黄土高原气候变化特征及原因分析

基于黄土高原111个气象站点1961—2018年逐日气温(最低气温、最高气温、平均气温)和降水数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析、Sen's斜率估计和小波周期等方法分析了气温和降水的时空变化特征,并采用小波交叉功率谱分析方法对影响区域气候的环流因素进行了分析.研究结果显示:(1)黄土高原1961—2018年平均...