天津大港发电厂附近海域浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子的相关性

为了解电厂温排水和人海河流对浮游植物群落结构的影响,于2010年对大港电厂附近海域浮游植物和环境因子开展了冬、夏2个航次的调查,探讨了浮游植物群落结构时空分布特征及与环境因子的关系.结果表明,调查区共鉴定出浮游植物4门31属46种,其中硅藻在物种组成和细胞密度上均具有绝对优势.调查区浮游植物种群结构简单,组成相对稳定,细胞密度全年平均为729×107个/m3,高于渤海其他海域,且冬季数量高于夏季.受温排水和人海河流影响,浮游植物平面分布具有明显的空间效应和季节变化特征,呈近岸区高于远岸区的分布趋势.近岸站位TJHS1101和TJHS1117分别受人海营养盐和温排水的影响,夏、冬季呈现不同的分布特征.研究表明,浮游植物在夏季的限制性生长因子是可溶性无机氮,冬季是PO43--P;水温、NO2--N和NH4+-N是影响浮游植物空间分布的主要环境因子;盐度、pH值和DO.对浮游植物的影响表现出季节性差异.     

聚叠氮缩水甘油醚嵌段聚叠氮乙酸乙烯酯的合成及热稳定性研究

以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)和4,4'-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)(ACVA)为原料合成大分子引发剂(MI-GAP),用其引发氯乙酸乙烯酯自由基聚合,得到聚叠氮缩水甘油醚嵌段聚氯乙酸乙烯酯(GAP-bPVCA),最后将其叠氮化得到含能聚合物——聚叠氮缩水甘油醚嵌段聚叠氮乙酸乙烯酯(GAP-b-PVAA)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对GAPb-PVAA的结构进行了表征。利用差热分析(DTA)、热重分析(TG)和微分热重分析(DTG)对GAP-b-PVAA的热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,GAP-b-PVAA在空气中200℃未见分解;GAP-b-PVAA具有两个热失重过程,其中最大质量损失发生在228~243℃范围内,失重率为68.74%。GAP-b-PVAA热分解动力学参数由不同升温速率下的DTA表征数据,通过Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算得到,两种方法得到的表观活化能Ea数值相近,表明GAP-b-PVAA热稳定性良好,有望用于熔铸炸药中作为一种含能黏结剂。     

行波管性能测试用试验箱的结构特点及其设计

介绍了一种专门用于行波管性能测试的试验箱的设计过程。在对试验箱结构特点进行分析的基础上,通过结构设计、制冷系统设计和控制系统设计,尤其在风道结构布局方面的创新设计,成功研制了该型试验箱,并在生产过程中得到了实际应用。     

汞污染土壤修复技术的发展现状与筛选流程研究

近年来汞污染土壤情况日益严峻,因此选择合适的方法对汞污染土壤进行修复显得尤为重要.本文介绍了中国汞污染土壤现状和汞对人体的危害.在此基础上对国内外汞污染土壤修复技术,如热处理法、淋洗法、固化/稳定化、生物修复等技术进行了综述,总结得出各类修复技术的优缺点、技术关键点等,并给出了汞污染土壤修复技术筛选流程.指出了中国当前在汞污染土壤治理方面存在的问题,并提出了相关建议,为中国日后汞污染土壤修复技术的研究和工程实践提供参考.     

环境实验室温度均匀性的数值分析研究

目的研究送风参数及围护结构对飞机结构及机构环境条件下功能性和耐久性实验室温度均匀性的影响。方法采用CFD方法对实验室的气流组织进行数值模拟,根据气流组织评价标准对工作区的温度均匀性进行分析。结果送风温差越大、送风速度越小温度场均匀性越差,保温层较厚时,温差过大将导致工作区温度分布达不到设计要求。结论相同温差下,减少送风口数量并提高单个送风口的送风速度有助于提高温度均匀性。     

热等离子体技术销毁日本遗弃化武红弹装填物研究

针对二战期间日本侵略军在我国遗弃的大量化学武器的危害性,进行了热等离子体技术销毁含砷毒剂的实验,旨在为评价日本遗弃化武的销毁技术选择提供技术支持.所采用的热等离子体处理固体废弃物的实验装置主要由等离子体发生器、等离子体旋转炉、二次燃烧炉、冷却器、文丘里喷淋塔和洗涤喷淋塔等设备组成.利用该装置对日本遗弃化武红弹和红简装填物二苯氰砷和二苯氯砷进行了销毁实验,并用GC-MS法对销毁产物进行分析.结果显示,经处理后未检测出二苯氯砷和二苯氰砷,根据分析方法的检出下限计算出的二苯氯砷和二苯氰砷的销毁去除率均高达99.999 9%.对熔渣进行砷的浸出毒性实验显示,浸出液中砷的质量浓度均低于0.03 mg/L,远低于我国固体废物砷的浸出毒性鉴别标准值1.5 mg/L.但是,等离子体炉在销毁含砷有机毒剂时,固砷效率很差,因此要发挥等离子体技术的优势,还必须加强固砷方法的研究.     

村镇小型生活垃圾热处理炉底渣的理化特性

小型垃圾热处理设备可实现就地处置,节约运输成本,目前在中国山区、丘陵地带的村镇得到广泛应用.为了解村镇小型生活垃圾热处理炉底渣的理化特性及其影响因素,对中国云南、贵州、安徽村镇实际运行的小型生活垃圾热处理设备产生的底渣进行取样,分析其热灼减率、物理组成、化学组成、晶相组成、重金属含量和浸出特性,探讨处理工艺、地域及季节...     

改性半焦烟气脱硫的机理研究

本文对海拉尔褐煤半焦及其水蒸气活化和高温氧化改性后的烟气脱硫性能进行了研究。     

Impact of utilizing reflector,single-axis and two-axis sun trackers on the performance of an evacuated tube solar collector

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a novel evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) is first designed and built. Then, the impact of adding reflector, reflector plus single-axis sun tracker and reflector plus two-axis sun tracker to the built ETSC on the thermal efficiency of the ETSC is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. In this regard, four identical versions of the proposed ETSC have been built and utilized in four collectors built and presented in this research work. The first collector is the same proposed built ETSC, the second collector is a parabolic trough solar collector comprising one built ETSC and a reflector (ETSC+R), the third collector is composed of one built ETSC, a reflector and a single-axis sun tracker all built in this study (ETSC+R+ ST), and the fourth collector consists of one built ETSC, a reflector and a two-axis sun tracker all built in this study (ETSC+R+ DT). Theoretical basis and concepts of the four collectors are formulated and analyzed in separate subsections. Theoretical results are outlined and highlighted at the end of each subsection. Experimental measurements and data obtained from the operation of the four collectors in the four seasons are presented that point by point verify theoretical results obtained in this study. To provide a comprehensive view, a techno-economic numerical comparison is performed between the four collectors. The following points, which are also the novelty and contributions of this work, are deduced from theoretical concepts, experimental data, and comparison provided in this study:

?There is no technical and economic justification for adding a reflector to an ETSC that results in forming a parabolic trough solar collector (ETSC+R) without any sun tracker.

?There is no economic justification for adding a single-axis sun tracker to a parabolic trough solar collector (ETSC+R).

?There is no economic justification for adding a two-axis sun tracker to a parabolic trough solar collector (ETSC+R).

?Comparing between a two-axis sun tracker and a single-axis sun tracker, adding the single-axis type to a parabolic trough solar collector (ETSC+R) is more advantageous.     

AQUATIC ORGANISMS RESPONSE TO SEVERE STRESS FOLLOWING ACUTELY SUBLETHAL TOXICANT EXPOSURE1

ABSTRACT: Snails, Goniobasis livescens (Menke), were exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of p-nitrophenol and the lampricide, 3-triflourmethyl-4 nitrophenol(TFM), and then to acutely lethal thermal shocks. The same species were also exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of zinc followed by exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of p-nitrophenol; and to acutely sublethal concentrations of TFM followed by exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of zinc. Brown trout, Salmo trutta, were exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of TFM and then to an acutely lethal thermal shock. Results of these experiments indicate that prior exposure to acutely sublethal toxicant concentrations may reduce survival time for a subsequent exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of a second toxicant (e.g., snails exposed to Zn⁺⁺ then p-nitrophenol) but neither prior or concomitant exposure to acutely sublethal toxicant concentrations insures that the median survival time for a lethal exposure will be significantly altered (e.g., snails exposed to 0.2 × 48 hour LC50 for TFM then Zn⁺⁺). However, some acutely sublethal concentrations of a toxicant may significantly alter survival time of snails to a lethal concentration of a different toxicant (e.g., exposure to 0.4 × 48 hour LC50 TFM then a lethal dose of Zn⁺⁺). The brown trout exposed to an acutely sublethal concentration of TFM and then an acutely lethal thermal shock did have significantly altered survival patterns.