高精度热电离质谱定年及其对第四纪环境研究的意义

用高精度、高灵敏度不平衡铀系热电离质谱 (TIMS)法测定第四纪地质年龄 ,并已在古气候、古环境、古海洋、考古学以及近代活动火山作用的研究中取得了一系列重要成果。本文介绍了我们用MAT -2 62质谱仪对石笋、珊瑚进行测试并取得比较满意结果的情况。     

Effects of Storage Time on Properties of Soybean Protein-Based Plastics

Soybean protein has been considered as a potential biodegradable polymer in the manufacture of plastics. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effect of storage time on thermal and mechanical properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) plastics. SPI was separated from defatted soy flour, modified with 1M or 2M urea, or plasticized with glycerol, and compression molded into plastics. Plastic made from SPI alone was used as a control. For all SPI plastics, glass transition temperatures and dynamic storage modulus increased and loss tangent decreased during storage. Excess enthalpy of relaxation of all SPI plastics had an exponential relationship with storage time, indicating a fast aging rate at the beginning of storage. All SPI plastics tended to be stiff and brittle during storage. The plastics with glycerol had the slowest aging rate and were fairly stable after 60 days, with about 8.8 MPa tensile strength and 168% strain at break. Plastics with the 2M urea-modification SPI also had a slow aging rate and became relative stable after 60 days, with about 10 MPa tensile strength and 72% elongation.     

含内热源松散煤体热湿迁移特性研究

为研究松散煤体内部热湿迁移规律,建立松散煤体多场-相变-扩散耦合数学模型,对热力驱动下的温、湿度场时空演变规律进行仿真研究;通过热湿迁移特性实验平台,对数值模拟结果的有效性与准确性进行验证。研究结果表明：温度相对误差小于5%,含湿量相对误差小于8%;松散煤体温度逐渐升高,温升速率逐渐减小,温度最终趋于稳定值,沿轴线方向温度呈指数性降低;松散煤体湿度场可分为煤体含水率和空气含湿量,在空间上可分为含水率减少区、含水率增大区和含水率不变区,随着计算进行,峰值含水率逐渐增大且向远离热源方向移动;含湿量相较于实验初期均有所增大,沿轴线方向先呈线性降低,后呈指数性降低且线性区域越来越大,指数性区域越来越小。     

Treatment of sugar industry wastewater using a combination of thermal and electrocoagulation processes

Sugar industries require a large amount of water for processing, and also generate large amounts of high-degree polluted wastewater. To maintain the water balance in the industry, it is imperative that effective treatment methods need to be devised to treat the wastewaters. The main aim of the present work is to treat the sugar industry wastewater by combined thermal and electro-oxidation methods with a metal and a catalyst based on ferrous material. Results showed a reduction of 75.6% of COD and 79.2% of colour content with thermal treatment, and 97.8% of COD and 99.7% of colour with combined thermal and electrocoagulation treatments under optimum conditions. These reduction levels are adequate for recycling limits.     

淋雨及不同温度条件对消防员防护服各部位热阻的影响

为了研究淋雨及不同温度条件对消防员防护服各部位热阻的影响,以消防防护服为研究对象,利用环境舱和暖体假人系统,在20 mm/h降雨强度和20~30 ℃的复合环境条件下,研究淋雨、不同温度复合环境对服装各部位热阻的影响。研究结果表明:淋雨过程中,服装热阻的变化趋势为先上升再下降最后趋于稳定;淋雨与不同温度复合环境会使得消防防护服热阻降低,其中影响较大的部位为上臂部、腹部、胸部、背部及臀部等。     

瓦斯爆炸中的火球伤害效应

针对瓦斯爆炸事故3种危害中的高温热辐射伤害进行研究,结合火灾爆炸事故中的火球热辐射的传播公式,得出适合井下瓦斯爆炸事故的火球传播规律公式.依据该公式划分了瓦斯爆炸事故中火球热辐射的死亡、重伤、轻伤的半径公式,为瓦斯爆炸事故安全评价提供了理论基础.     

火电厂对生态环境影响的总体评价

抛弃了以往在分析污染排放物对环境影响时只对不同污染物进行单独分析的做法,从单位污染物对大气的影响和生产单位有用能的污染物排放量两方面考虑,建立了一个通用的、能综合评价各种污染物对环境总体影响的模型--能源生态效率模型,并对燃烧不同燃料火电厂的能源生态效率作了计算,对能源生态效率的影响因素进行了分析.     

建设火电厂生态工业园的研究

通过建设以火电厂为中心的生态工业园的初步研究,阐述了建设生态工业园的重要意义,详细探讨了不同产业间的资源相互最大利用的循环经济发展模式,并总结了建设生态工业园经济发展模式的经验以及可能存在的问题,为各地建设类似生态工业园提供参考.     

SIMULATED EFFECTS OF ALTERED SPILLWAY RELEASES ON THERMAL STRUCTURE AND KOKANEE GROWTH IN A COLORADO RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: In‐reservoir thermal and ecological effects of releasing some flows over the surface spillway at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, rather than routing all releases through the hypolimnetic outlet were evaluated using a calibrated and validated one‐dimensional thermal model (CE‐THERM) with a set of ecological models. Thermal model output indicated that surface water temperatures were influenced primarily by atmospheric conditions, but the release of warmer water over the spillway resulted in a thinner epilimnion and cooler metalimnetic water temperatures. Ecological model predictions indicated that spillway releases and associated temperatures resulted in lower growth rates for young‐of‐year (YOY) kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the reservoir by up to 9 percent when compared with growth rates under baseline operations with no releases over the spillway. Kokanee growth rates were reduced under spillway release scenarios because lower temperatures not only affected metabolic rates, but limited the productivity of the zooplankton as well. Thus, altering the release regime with spillway discharges could have deleterious effects on Blue Mesa's YOY kokanee. However, in other reservoirs, distributing discharges among different elevations may provide managers with a mechanism to regulate temperatures to benefit species of concern that are facing challenges imposed by environmental conditions such as global warming.     

Soybean-Oil-Based Polyisocyanurate Rigid Foams

Polyisocyanurate foams were prepared from polymeric 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), soy polyol and polypropylene oxide polyol by varying isocyanate index from 110 to 350. The higher isocyanate index produced polyisocyanurate foams with higher thermal stability, improved flame resistance, tensile strength, higher modulus, and higher glass transition. Soy-based foams displayed better thermal stability, lower flammability, higher rigidity (modulus) and higher compression strength than those based on the propylene oxide polyols of the same molecular weight and functionality.