注汽锅炉烟气余热利用技术应用

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力分析和开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用了在对流段安装热管换热器,通过换热器将烟气余热与助燃空气换热,余热利用技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低的目的,取得良好的节能效果。     

水库热分层期藻类水华与温跃层厌氧成因分析

以西安市李家河水库为研究对象,通过对水体理化因子和浮游植物的连续监测,对热分层期藻类垂向分布与温跃层厌氧成因进行了初步分析.结果表明:①6～9月,李家河水库水体稳定指数为2～10 m~(-1),处于稳定热分层状态,水体溶解氧呈明显的垂向以及季节差异,p H、电导率均与溶解氧呈现相同的分层结构;②李家河水体的富营养状态诱导夏季藻类水华暴发;藻细胞密度垂向差异大,集中悬停于水深0～5 m区域内,最高为2. 95×10~8cells·L~(-1),叶绿素a含量最大为46. 42mg·m~(-3);高密度藻类在温跃层内堆积分解,水深5～24 m内出现较大面积的厌氧区,pH下降、电导率和高锰酸盐指数升高;③高密度藻类分解耗氧是夏季分层期温跃层厌氧形成的主要原因.     

Heat Gain From Thermal Radiation Through Protective Clothing With Different Insulation,Reflectivity and Vapour Permeability

The heat transferred through protective clothing under long wave radiation compared to a reference condition without radiant stress was determined in thermal manikin experiments. The influence of clothing insulation and reflectivity, and the interaction with wind and wet underclothing were considered. Garments with different outer materials and colours and additionally an aluminised reflective suit were combined with different number and types of dry and pre-wetted underwear layers. Under radiant stress, whole body heat loss decreased, i.e., heat gain occurred compared to the reference. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, and decreased with air velocity and clothing insulation. Except for the reflective outer layer that showed only minimal heat gain over the whole range of radiation intensities, the influence of the outer garments’ material and colour was small with dry clothing. Wetting the underclothing for simulating sweat accumulation, however, caused differing effects with higher heat gain in less permeable garments.     

硝酸异辛酯的热安全性研究

为了研究十六烷值改进剂—硝酸异辛酯(EHN)的热稳定性与热危险性,采用C600微型量热仪测试硝酸异辛酯的热分解特性.利用热分析技术考察温升速率对EHN热分解特性的影响,并利用活化能、TMRad(在绝热条件下最大反应速率到达时间)和自加速分解速率(SADT)方法评价此改进剂的危险性.结果表明,EHN发生分解反应的起始放热温度和最大放热温度均随着温升速率的增加而增大,且四种温升速率的反应机理是一致的.计算得到EHN热分解活化能在143.6-213.6kJ/mol之间.通过绝热条件下TMRad评价得出EHN在常温常压条件下不易发生危险失控,EHN自加速分解温度为98℃＞75℃,即在常温条件下储运是安全的,为储运硝酸异辛酯提供有力的数据支持.     

Ecological Study of Spring-Early Summer Phytoplankton Blooms in A Semi-Enclosed Estuary

A sampling station in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria was operated for 51 days between 2 March and 12 June, 1991. the harbour had different wide physical and chemical variations. Six distinct phytoplankton blooms occurred during this period. It is concluded that the physicochemical conditions affected the phytoplankton community structure and species composition. A dense diatom bloom could be maintained in a very weak and/or stabilized water column. A diatom bloom does not necessarily accompany an enhanced nutrient period. the depletion of nutrients and establishment of thermal stratification probably created favourable conditions for dinoflagellate and flagellate species to achieve blooms. the species composition could be shifted over the short term and a dense phytoplankton bloom could possibly dissipate in a few days.     

模糊层次综合评判法在火电厂选址决策中的应用

根据影响火电厂选址的因素较多、相互之间具有不确定性和模糊性这一特点,结合火电厂选址的实际情况,建立了火电厂选址综合效益评价指标体系;运用模糊层次综合评判法确定了各指标的权重分配;从可持续发展的角度对火电厂选址综合效益进行了评价;经过专家投票,将各因素层次化,得出模糊评价结果,即找到综合效益最好的厂址;并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。可为火电厂决策者投资建设项目提供依据。     

基于GaN技术的大功率T/R组件可靠性设计与分析

结合T/R组件的工作原理,对影响大功率T/R组件可靠性的关键技术进行了设计与分析。通过与现有的基于GaAs技术的T/R组件设计电路对比分析,阐述了基于Ga N技术的大功率、高可靠性T/R组件的电路设计方法。     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

黄岛电厂附近海域热环境容量计算

阐述了热环境容量的内涵,并在潮流数值模型的基础上建立了热扩散模型.利用模型试算法计算了黄岛电厂附近海域的热环境容量和剩余热环境容量,经计算,黄岛电厂附近海域的热环境容量为1 484.10 ℃·m3/s,剩余热环境容量为1 124.52 ℃·m3/s.该结果为电厂设计方案提供环境方面的决策依据.     

废旧轮胎的热能利用和热分解

对废旧轮胎的热能利用和热分解技术进行了综述。热能利用介绍了作为锅炉燃料和水泥燃料使用;热分解介绍了制备液体燃料和炭黑。