Benzene removal by nano magnetic particles under continuous condition from aqueous solutions

Benzene removal evaluated using Fe304 nano continuous condition. A 44 initial benzene concentration, from aqueous solutions was magnetic particles （NM） in factorial design including NM dose, contact time and pH was investigated in 16 experiments （Taguchi OA design）. The results indicated that all factors were significant and the optimum condition was： pH 8, NM dose of 2000 mg.L-1, benzene concentrations of 100 mg.L-1 and contact time of 14min. The maximum benzene uptake and distribution ratio in the optimum situation were 49.4mg.g-1 and 38.4L.g-1, respectively. The nano particles were shown to capture 98.7% of the benzene in optimum batch condition and 94.5% in continuous condition. The isotherm data proved that the Bmnauer-Emmett-Teller model fit more closely and produced an isotherm constant （b） less than one, indicating favorable adsorption. Regeneration studies verified that the benzene adsorbed by the NM could be easily desorbed by temperature, and thereby, NM can be employed repeatedly in water and wastewater management.     

Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation,elementary analysis,and spectroscopic methods

Thermal pretreatment can be applied to sludge anaerobic digestion or dewatering. To analyze the variation in humic substances during thermal sludge treatment, sludge humic and fulvic acids were extracted before and after 30-min thermal treatment at 180℃, and then their contents, molecular weight distributions, elementary compositions, and spectral characteristics were compared. The results showed that the total contents of humic and fulvic acids in the sludge almost remained constant during thermal treatment, but 35% ofhumic and fulvic acids were dissolved from the sludge solids. Moreover, both humic and fulvic acids were partly decomposed and 32% of humic acids were converted to fulvic acids. The median value of the molecular weights of humic acids decreased from 81 to 41 kDa and that of fulvic acids decreased from 15 to 2 kDa. Besides the reduction in molecular size, the chemical structures of humic and fulvic acids also exhibited a slight change, i.e. some oxygen functional groups disappeared and aromatic structures increased after thermal sludge treatment.     

火电厂液氨泄漏事故影响分析及对策研究

主要对火电厂液氨泄漏事故后对周围大气环境的影响进行了预测分析研究,并给出了相应安全对策。研究以陕西某电厂2×660MW燃煤机组为例,使用详实可靠的参数对该电厂可能发生的液氨储罐泄漏事故进行了不同气象条件下的风险模拟预测,并根据预测结果画出了可供应急救援参考使用的最不利气象条件下液氨储罐最大可信事故泄漏后不同时刻的影响范围动态图。研究还根据收集到的施工设计资料及参数对200-1000MW级火电厂的液氨泄漏进行了预测,给出各级别火电机组液氨泄漏事故后可能出现的最大致死半径范围。为降低火电厂液氨泄漏风险提出了相应的安全对策和应急救援要求,对避免和减少液氨中毒伤亡事故具有指导意义。     

Measuring the effectiveness of San Francisco’s planning standard for pedestrian wind comfort

ABSTRACT

In 1985, San Francisco adopted a wind comfort standard in its Downtown Area Plan in response to increasing concerns about the city’s downtown public open spaces becoming excessively windy. After 30 years of implementation, this study revisits the standard and examines its effectiveness in promoting pedestrian comfort. Seven hundred one valid samples were collected from 6 months of field study, which combined surveying pedestrians and on-site collection of microclimate data. Statistical analysis and an assessment using the physiological equivalent temperature show that 11 mph (4.92 m/s), the comfort criterion in places for walking, performs as an effective determinant of outdoor comfort in San Francisco. This study sheds light on climate-resilience of cities, as they have become key urban challenges today.     

Green thermal analysis for predicting thermal hazard of storage and transportation safety for tert-butyl peroxybenzoate

Liquid organic peroxides, such as tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), have been widely employed in the petrifaction industry as a polymerization formation agent. This study investigated the thermokinetic parameters of TBPB by isothermal kinetic algorithms and non-isothermal kinetic equations, using thermal activity monitor III (TAM III) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Simulations of 0.5 L, 25 kg, 55 gallon, and 400 kg reactors in liquid thermal explosion models were performed and compared to the results in the literature. A green thermal analysis was developed for a reactor containing TBPB to prevent pollution and reduce the energy consumption by thermal decomposition. It is based on the thermal hazard properties, such as the heat of decomposition (ΔH_d), activation energy (E_a), self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), control temperature (CT), emergency temperature (ET), and critical temperature (TCR). From the experimental results, the optimal conditions to avoid violent runaway reactions during the storage and transportation of TBPB were determined.     

几种木质地板材料差热特性分析

为正确认识木质地板材料的燃烧特性,应用差热分析方法比较几种木质地板材料的燃烧性能。采用CRY-1型差热分析仪对8种木质地板与普通松木试样依据标准升温曲线进行差热试验,研究试样受热期间的峰特征。试验结果表明:不同品牌的复合地板在燃烧性能上基本相同,而实木地板由于所选基材材种不同,其热特征有很大的区别。总体上,复合地板火灾危险性高于实木地板。所选8种木质地板与普通松木的火灾危险性大小为试样③﹥试样⑦﹥试样⑥﹥试样②﹥普通松木﹥试样⑧﹥试样⑤﹥试样④﹥试样①。     

非能动安全系统在火电厂脱硫系统中的应用

阐述了非能动安全概念及其在核安全中的应用,进而把非能动安全系统理念引入火电厂脱硫系统中,在保证安全与功能的前提下,对取消旁路烟道改造前后进行对比分析,证实是可行的、合理的。     

二叔丁基过氧化物的热失控动力学研究

为研究二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)热失控危险性,利用C600微量量热仪对DTBP热分解动力学进行试验研究,测定DTBP在不同升温速率下的起始放热温度和分解热,分别用非等转化率法和等转化率法得到DTBP热分解反应的动力学参数。用非等转化率法确定反应的最佳反应级数为1,相应的活化能分别为137.75、132.60、128.61和122.93 kJ/mol,指前因子分别为8.82×1012、6.69×1012、2.06×1012和3.89×10111/s。用等转化率法确定的活化能范围为102～138 kJ/mol,并拟合出活化能与转化率的关系曲线。结合计算出的动力学参数,通过对DTBP分解机理的分析,可以推断其具有热失控危险性。     

三种常用外墙可燃保温材料竖向燃烧特性数值模拟研究

运用FDS软件对外墙保温材料竖向燃烧的发展规律进行了研究.根据具体的工程参数,对挤塑聚苯板、模塑聚苯板和聚氨酯三种常用外墙可燃保温材料的燃烧参数进行设定,分别选取窗口火、墙角火两种情况进行数值模拟与分析.模拟结果显示:火焰的蔓延高度随时间按照y=at2+bt+c的关系变化,而火焰前锋则以vp=1/(α+βt)的速度竖向蔓延.     

煤低温氧化的实验研究及动力学分析

运用热分析的技术研究阳泉煤的氧化热解反应。将实验煤样进行连续加热氧化到一定温度再恒温和分别加热到一定温度然后恒温这两类实验,对比分析该煤样的低温氧化受热情况并进行动力学分析。得出:两类实验中的热重曲线位置的改变陡缓度不一样,试样量越大,气体的扩散阻力越大,相应的热重曲线位置的改变也越显著;煤低温氧化属于一级化学反应,煤低温氧化反应的活化能随着煤的反应过程的深入而增加,而且煤氧化反应过程是个分阶段的、多步反应以及相互联系促进的过程。