Characterization of the effective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 μtmol/(min-mL), cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50-65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, celiobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C.therrnocellum is unable to do so.     

甲胺磷降解菌的分离与降解特性研究

从长期受甲胺磷农药污染的土壤中采集土样,经过富集培养,稀释倒平板后划线分离得到3个菌株,分别编号为J-1,J-2,J-3菌株。将分离到的3个菌株接种到富集培养基中培养后,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测定磷含量变化,明显可以看出J-3菌株具有较高的降解能力,因此选择J-3菌株作为下一步研究的对象。经形态学和生理生化指标初步鉴定J-3菌株为假单胞菌。J-3菌株能在没有外加碳氮源的情况下以甲胺磷作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长。另外,确定J-3菌株降解甲胺磷的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为7.0,外加碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨,最适装液量和接种量分别为100,250mL和8%等降解特性。     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料的吸附、解吸特性研究

试验考察高温(55℃)厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料(以活性艳红X-3B(RR2)为代表)的吸附、解吸特征。试验结果表明,高温厌氧颗粒污泥的RR2染料吸附和解吸均符合Freundlich等温式,部分RR2被不可逆吸附;温度和盐度对高温厌氧颗粒污泥的吸附作用均有影响。     

Biodecolorization and partial mineralization of Reactive Black 5 by a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

A strain of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris W1, isolated from a lab-scale anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating textile e?uent was demonstrated to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5) effciently under anaerobic condition. By a series of batch tests, the suitable conditions for RB5 decolorization were obtained, namely, pH < 10, light presence, glutamine or lactate as carbon source with concentration more than 500 mg/L when lactate is selected, NH4Cl as a nitrogen source with ...     

优势复合菌剂处理黑臭河水的实验研究

初试条件下系统的考察了优势复合菌剂对西洋河黑臭河水水体的处理效果,实验结果表明:(1)优势复合菌剂能有效降低黑臭河水的COD、氨氮和总磷,去除率达到80%以上;(2)好氧条件下的处理效果要优于自然条件下的处理效果;(3)不同的接种量(V菌/V水)、温度、pH值及摇床转速对处理效果均有不同的影响,由正交试验得到的最佳降解条件为接种量10/10000、温度35℃、pH值9、转速100r/min。在优化条件下对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别达到67.83%、70.29%、70.59%。     

厌氧发酵生物制氢微生物及工艺开发的研究进展

厌氧发酵生物制氢在国内外受到了普遍关注,如何确保稳定、持续、高效的产氢率成为生物制氢研究的关键问题所在.本文在查阅国内外大量文献的基础上,重点介绍了产氢发酵微生物、产氢菌种的构建、产氢反应器及厌氧发酵产氢工艺的最新研究状况.同时,就两相循环高温氢/甲烷发酵工艺的进一步发展前景提出了建议.     

利用复合微生物菌剂控制水华的治理工程试验

为了探索利用微生物控制正在爆发水华的富营养化城市内湖的效果,试验利用光合细菌(Rhodop seudomonas palustris)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)2种微生物菌剂,采用直接投放的方式,治理武汉市重度富营养化湖泊四美塘湖(西),治理时间从2008年8月1日持续到2008年9月27日,治理结束后,湖水水质从劣Ⅴ类提高到Ⅴ类,高锰酸钾盐指数除去率达52.78%,TN除去率达49.26%,TP除去率达73.02%,氨氮除去率达16.18%,Chl-a含量降低了46.70%。治理进行1个月后,湖水的感官效果大幅提高,藻类水华完全消失,透明度提高,不良气味消失。在投菌结束后的3个月内,湖水水质仍然保持良好,没有出现反弹。利用复合微生物菌剂治理富营养化湖泊,控制水华的爆发,是一种经济、快速、无二次污染的富营养化水体治理方法,如将其与其他的治理技术相结合将会使其在富营养化水体治理领域中发挥重要的作用。     

多功能细菌复合系NSC-7的菌种组成多样性

NSC-7是一组具有降解纤维素和林丹双重功能的细菌复合系.为系统了解复合系的菌种组成,在有氧条件下,利用传统的平板画线法分离到11株单菌,将11株单菌按体积比1∶1重新组合并不具备分解纤维素的能力,利用单层和双层平板滤纸法检测NSC-7的分解能力,发现只有双层平板上的滤纸变黄且降解,说明复合系内纤维素降解的关键菌是厌氧或微好氧菌.利用现代分子生物学技术对NSC-7构建克隆文库,获得了195个16S rDNA片断,经DGGE筛选获得25个代表克隆,其序列数据库比对结果中有60％的近缘种为已知菌,分别归属于Clostridium、Petrobacter、Bacteria、Paenibacillus、Proteobacterium 5个属,其余40％的近缘种为难培养菌株.     

Biodegradation of malathion by Acinetobacter johnsonii MA19 and optimization of cometabolism substrates

To enhance the removal efficiency of malathion in the wastewater from organophosphate pesticide mill, a bacterium, Acinetobacter johnsonii MA19, that could degrade malathion with cometabolism was isolated from malathion-polluted soil samples using enrichment culture techniques. Four kinds of additional compounds, sodium succinate, sodium acetate, glucose, and fructose were tested to choose a favorite carbon source for the cometabolism of strain MA19. The results showed that sodium succinate and sodium acetate could promote malathion biodegradation and cell growth. The investigation results of effects of sodium succinate concentrations on the malathion biodegradation indicated that the more sodium succinate supplied resulted in quick degradation ofmalathion and fast cells multiplied. Zero-order kinetic model was appropriate to describe the malathion biodegradation when the concentration of sodium succinate was more than 0.5144 g/L. The degradation rate constant (K) reached the maximum value of 3.5837 mg/(L·h) when the mass ratio of sodium succinate to malathion was 128.6 mg/mg. The aquatic toxicity of the malathion was evaluated using the test organism, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The data obtained suggested that the toxicity of malathion could be ignored after 84 h biodegradation. Our result demonstrates the potential for using bacterium A. Johnsonii MA19 for malathion biodegradation and environmental bioremediation when some suitable conventional carbon sources are supplied.     

自热式高温好氧消化工艺的氧化还原电位研究

采用自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)中试工艺系统,通过间歇式运行,改变进泥初始ρ(VSS)和曝气强度,考察了系统中氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化情况.对进泥初始ρ(VSS)为45.4和34.2 g/L的曝气强度恒定在1.0 m3/h,搅拌转速为95r/min,停留时间为25 d;初始ρ(VSS)为40.7 g/L污泥的曝气强度在0.4～1.0 m3/h间由大到小进行调节,搅拌转速为95 r/min,停留时间为44 d.结果表明,初始ρ(VSS)与曝气强度对ORP有影响,当曝气强度充足时,ORP呈先下降再回升趋势,最终ORP能达到0 mV以上.对于pH的变化,初始ρ(VSS)为45.4和34.2 g/L的污泥规律相似,均呈先上升后下降趋势,初始ρ(VSS)为34.2 g/L的污泥pH从开始的6.01上升到8.11,然后下降到5.60～6.03.但初始ρ(VSS)为40.7 g/L的污泥pH的变化规律有所不同,pH一直呈上升趋势,从开始的7.33到最终的9.16.表明由于溶胞作用,系统中ρ(总氮),ρ(氨氮),ρ(总磷)较高,pH上升,若曝气强度充足,pH随后下降,ORP回升;若曝气强度较低,pH则一直呈上升趋势,ORP则处于较低值.因此ORP与进泥初始ρ(VSS),曝气强度,反应温度,ρ(氨氮)和pH等因素有关.从ORP的测试结果看,ATAD系统处于厌氧到微好氧之间的状态.