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流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中铅 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的铅,工作曲线线性关系良好,检出限为0.25 mg/kg,相对标准偏差<3.5%,加标回收率为93.0%~105%.该方法简便快速,测定结果准确可靠. 相似文献
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选择了6种水体中常见的阳离子(Na^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+、Al^3+、Cu^2+、Ni^2+),分别考查了其对TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响;从光吸收、无机离子本身的性质对光生电子的捕获及传递等讨论了上述离子影响TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的反应速率的原因。结果表明:由于其不能捕获光生电子,Na^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+本身对TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的反应速率影响不大;Al^3+吸引电子能力较强,成为光生电子和Cr(Ⅵ)之间的桥梁,促进了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原;浓度为1 mmmol/L时,Cu^2+显著地促进了Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原,其主要原因是Cu^2+捕获光生电子的能力很强,起到了催化剂的作用,而浓度大于10 mmol/L时,Cu^2+形成单质Cu以及对紫外光的吸收都使促进作用降低;Ni^2+未充满的d轨道具有获得并传递光生电子的能力,也促进了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原;在浓度同为1mmol/L时,对Cr(Ⅵ)光催化还原的促进作用依次为:Cu^2+〉Al^3+〉Ni^2+〉Na^+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+。 相似文献
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镍网负载纳米TiO2光催化反应器对酸性品红脱色效果实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用负载纳米TiO2的三维镍网装配了光催化反应器,就其对酸性品红溶液进行脱色效果进行了实验研究。考察了反应器的3种装配条件、品红初始浓度、pH值、H2O2投加量、紫外光剂量等因素对酸性品红脱色效果的影响。结果表明:UV灯+镍网+TiO2模式组合的反应器脱色效果最好;在相同的处理时间内酸性品红溶液的脱色率随起始浓度的增大而减小;将酸性品红溶液pH值调至5时脱色效果最明显,70 min的脱色率可高达94.8%。脱色效果还可以通过溶液中添加H2O2和控制紫外线剂量来调节。当溶液中H2O2投加量为0.5 g/L时,处理70 min后的脱色率可高达98.3%;到达反应界面紫外光剂量越多则能够获得越高的酸性品红脱色率。 相似文献
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Justin M. McGrath 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(4):1023-1028
Early spring leaf out is important to the success of deciduous trees competing for light and space in dense forest plantation canopies. In this study, we investigated spring leaf flush and how long-term growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and elevated ozone concentration ([O3]) altered leaf area index development in a closed Populus tremuloides (aspen) canopy. This work was done at the Aspen FACE experiment where aspen clones have been grown since 1997 in conditions simulating the [CO2] and [O3] predicted for ∼2050. The responses of two clones were compared during the first month of spring leaf out when CO2 fumigation had begun, but O3 fumigation had not. Trees in elevated [CO2] plots showed a stimulation of leaf area index (36%), while trees in elevated [O3] plots had lower leaf area index (−20%). While individual leaf area was not significantly affected by elevated [CO2], the photosynthetic operating efficiency of aspen leaves was significantly improved (51%). There were no significant differences in the way that the two aspen clones responded to elevated [CO2]; however, the two clones responded differently to long-term growth at elevated [O3]. The O3-sensitive clone, 42E, had reduced individual leaf area when grown at elevated [O3] (−32%), while the tolerant clone, 216, had larger mature leaf area at elevated [O3] (46%). These results indicate a clear difference between the two clones in their long-term response to elevated [O3], which could affect competition between the clones, and result in altered genotypic composition in future atmospheric conditions. 相似文献
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Phytotoxicity of atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron to submersed macrophytes in outdoor mesocosms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stefanie Knauert Heinz Singer Katja Knauer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):167-174
The submersed macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton lucens were constantly exposed over a five-week period to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, isoproturon, diuron, and their mixture in outdoor mesocosms. Effects were evaluated investigating photosynthetic efficiency (PE) of the three macrophytes and growth of M. spicatum and E. canadensis. Adverse effects on PE were observed on days 2 and 5 after application. M. spicatum was found to be the more sensitive macrophyte. E. canadensis and P. lucens were less sensitive to atrazine, diuron and the mixture and insensitive to isoproturon. PE of M. spicatum was similarly affected by the single herbicides and the mixture demonstrating concentration addition. Growth of E. canadensis and M. spicatum was not reduced indicating that herbicide exposure did not impair plant development. Although PE measurements turned out to be a sensitive method to monitor PSII herbicides, plant growth remains the more relevant ecological endpoint in risk assessment. 相似文献
90.
Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of organic matter during the anaerobic digestion and successive composting of pig slurry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria Rosaria Provenzano Anna D. Malerba Daniela Pezzolla Giovanni Gigliotti 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(3):653-660
In this work, anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and successive composting of the digestate after centrifugation were studied by means of chemical analysis, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy as excitation–emission matrix (EEM). Chemical analysis highlighted the organic matter transformation occurring during the processes. A decrease of volatile solids and total organic carbon were observed in the digestate with respect to the fresh pig slurry as a consequence of the consumption of sugars, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids used by microorganisms as a C source. Water Extractable Organic Matter (WEOM) was obtained for all samples and fractionated into a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic fraction. The highest WEOM value was found in the pig slurry indicating a high content of labile organic C. The digestate centrifuged and the digestate composted showed lower hydrophilic and higher hydrophobic contents because of the decrease of labile C. Total phenolic content was lower in the digestate with respect to fresh pig slurry sample (36.7%) as a consequence of phenolic compounds degradation. The strong decrease of total reducing sugars in the digestate (76.6%) as compared to pig slurry confirmed that anaerobic process proceed mainly through consumption of sugars which represent a readily available energy source for microbial activity. FTIR spectra of pig slurry showed bands indicative of proteins and carbohydrates. A drop of aliphatic structures and a decrease of polysaccharides was observed after the anaerobic process along with the increase of the peak in the aromatic region. The composted substrate showed an increase of aromatic and a relative decrease of polysaccharides. EEM spectra provided tryptophan:fulvic-like fluorescence ratios which increased from fresh substrate to digestate because of the OM decompostion. Composted substrate presented the lowest ratio due to the humification process. 相似文献