饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核和组织中铜蓄积的影响

为了研究饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的毒性作用,将1 080条罗非鱼幼鱼暴露于6个浓度梯度的高铜日粮中,通过60 d的暴露试验,测定罗非鱼血红细胞微核变化和组织中铜的蓄积.结果表明,铜在各组织中积累量的顺序依次为:肝脏＞脾脏＞肠道＞鳃＞肌肉,与对照组相比,其中肝脏、脾脏、肠道中铜的含量随着时间和日粮中铜浓度的升高而逐渐升高,而鳃和肌肉中铜含量无显著差异;罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核率、核异常率、总核异常率与日粮中铜的浓度存在一定的剂量—效应关系,并且核异常率高于微核率.     

伊维菌素对雄性吉富罗非鱼生理生化指标的影响

为探讨抗寄生虫药物伊维菌素(IVM)对鱼类的毒性效应,以雄性吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验对象,设定了A(空白对照)、B(乙醇对照)、C(0.1 mg·kg~(-1))、D(0.5 mg·kg~(-1))、E(1 mg·kg~(-1))5个实验组,研究IVM对吉富罗非鱼肝脏和血液生理生化的影响。研究发现:正常生理状态下吉富罗非鱼肝脏中的丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,IVM作用后除最高剂量E组中MDA含量在4 h、16 h和24 h时极显著高于对照组外,其余各组均未受到显著影响。较低注射剂量C组中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均得到了诱导,且均显著高于对照组,较高注射剂量组中除E组在第4 h、16 h和24 h SOD活性显著高于对照组外,其余均未发现有显著变化。肝脏中谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)在IVM作用下均发生了一定的变化,尤其是E组均显著低于对照组。与肝脏中的相反,血液中的AST则随剂量的升高而呈现增加的趋势,在某些时间点与对照组相比显著升高,而血液中ALT除C、D组个别时间点外其余的均未有显著变化。B、C、D、E 4组肝脏中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)相对A组均发生了显著下降,但C、D、E组与B组除个别时间点外均未有显著差异,因此肝脏中的ALP变化可能是无水乙醇作用的结果,而非IVM。血液中ALP则均未有显著变化。研究表明高剂量的IVM对吉富罗非鱼的肝脏造成了一定影响,因此在实际使用过程中应选择合适的给药方式以及合理的给药剂量。     

Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

Toxic effects of dietary of Al3+ ions in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) and protective effect of Zn2+ ion

The lethal effects of aluminum ion (Al³⁺) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in concrete tanks were investigated. Tilapias were fed daily with commercial feed enriched with known concentrations of Al³⁺ and analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The concentrations of Al³⁺ in feces, water, muscle tissue, viscera, and heads were determined every 3 months for a period of 365 days. The Tilapia head was the most affected tissue by Al³⁺. In general, Al³⁺ bioaccumulation reached the lethal dose (LD₅₀) after 335 days of experiment as follows: 34.9?mg?kg^?1 (muscle tissue), 88.2?mg?kg^?1 (viscera), and 126.9?mg?kg^?1 (head without gills). After determining Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ca²⁺ by absorption spectrometry, a decrease in the Ca²⁺ concentration was noted in the head during the experimental period. These observations were associated with the occurrence of a decalcification in the bone tissue in the presence of Al³⁺. In contrast, it was found that Zn²⁺ ions may act as a protective agent against Al³⁺-induced contamination.     

17β-雌二醇与1-萘酚对雄性罗非鱼（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）雌激素效应的比较

在实验室条件下,研究了暴露于不同质量浓度1-萘酚（0.064、0.8、2 mg.L-1）与17β-雌二醇（1、10、100μg.L-1）下,对雄性罗非鱼（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）性腺系数、血清雌二醇质量浓度的影响及血清中卵黄蛋白原的诱导效应,以期对它们的环境雌激素效应有所了解。研究结果显示：暴露于1-萘酚环境下30 d后,雄性罗非鱼的性腺系数有所降低,当质量浓度为2 mg.L-1时,与对照组相比,差异显著（p〈0.05）,雄性罗非鱼血清中雌二醇的量,此时亦达到最大值,为209.3 pg.mL-1,与对照组相比,差异显著（p〈0.05）;但是,血清中卵黄蛋白原并无变化。暴露于17β-雌二醇环境中的雄性罗非鱼,30 d后,其性腺系数有所降低,当质量浓度为10、100μg.L-1时,与对照组相比,差异显著（p〈0.05）;血清中的雌二醇也随着暴露质量浓度的增多,逐渐增多,当质量浓度为100μg.L-1时,差异极显著（p〈0.01）;血清中卵黄蛋白原的质量浓度明显高于对照组,与暴露质量浓度之间呈剂量效应关系。结果显示,17β-雌二醇具有很强的雌激素效应,会使罗非鱼性腺系数下降,诱导血清中雌二醇、卵黄蛋白原的生成;而1-萘酚会使罗非鱼性腺系数下降,诱导血清雌二醇的生成,但是并不诱导卵黄蛋白原的生成,所以推测其雌激素效应可能较弱,需要进一步研究。     

Inhibitory kinetics of β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by cadmium北大核心CSCD

Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution in an aquatic environment can negatively affect certain reproductive parameters of aquatic animals. β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) is considered to play an important role in the fertilization process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Cd2+ on the activity of NAGase purified f rom the testis of Nile tilapia, toward contributing new knowledge on the breadth of negative effects of Cd2+ for Nile tilapia production. The kinetic method of substrate reaction was used for this assessment, and an inhibitory model was established to study the kinetics of NAGase under inhibition by Cd2+. The results showed that Cd2+ could reversibly inhibit the enzymatic activity of NAGase, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was estimated to be 40.95 mmol/L. Cd2+ was found to be a competitive inhibitor of NAGase, and the inhibitory constant was determined to be 17.13 mmol/L. The microscopic rate constants of inactivation were also determined. Together, these findings demonstrate that Cd2+ is a reversible inhibitor that can competitively inhibit NAGase. These results may provide a theoretical foundation for further studies on the reproduction of tilapia. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

低浓度溴氰菊酯连续暴露对罗非鱼DNA的影响

运用RAPD技术和外周血嗜多染红细胞微核试验来分析和评价低浓度溴氰菊酯连续暴露对罗非鱼DNA的影响.RAPD试验结果表明,在12个能扩增出罗非鱼基因组DNA的引物中,引物S326能检测出3 μg/L以上浓度溴氰菊酯暴露前后罗非鱼基因组DNA的差异,而小于2.0 μg/L的低浓度溴氰菊酯对罗非鱼基因组DNA没有影响.外周血嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果表明,在一定浓度的溴氰菊酯连续暴露后,2.0 μg/L以下浓度组罗非鱼外周血红细胞微核率与对照组相比没有显著差异(P＞0.05),而3 μg/L以上浓度组可诱导罗非鱼外周血红细胞产生微核.微核率与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),且表现出明显的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系.研究表明,溴氰菊酯在一定条件下可对鱼类DNA产生影响.