新时期城市安全风险防控实践探析——以成都为例

随着我国加快从"乡村社会"迈向"城市社会",城市安全问题成为了新时期亟待解答的"国家命题",分析了城市化与城市风险相关问题,提出了适合成都的安全风险预防指标体系,并以"技术防控"开发建设城市安全监测预警系统,以"标准防控"推动企业和公共领域安全管理标准化,以"群众防控"依托安全社区为载体,构建基层社区公共安全体系,为我国城市安全风险防控体系建设提供了宝贵经验和有益启示。     

Reorienting Systematic Conservation Assessment for Effective Conservation Planning

Abstract: Systematic conservation assessment (an information‐gathering and prioritization process used to select the spatial foci of conservation initiatives) is often considered vital to conservation‐planning efforts, yet published assessments have rarely resulted in conservation action. Conservation assessments may lead more directly to effective conservation action if they are reoriented to inform conservation decisions. Toward this goal, we evaluated the relative priority for conservation of 7 sites proposed for the first forest reserves in the Union of the Comoros, an area with high levels of endemism and rapidly changing land uses in the western Indian Ocean. Through the analysis of 30 indicator variables measured at forest sites and nearby villages, we assessed 3 prioritization criteria at each site: conservation value, threat to loss of biological diversity from human activity, and feasibility of reserve establishment. Our results indicated 2 sites, Yiméré and Hassera‐Ndrengé, were priorities for conservation action. Our approach also informed the development of an implementation strategy and enabled an evaluation of previously unexplored relations among prioritization criteria. Our experience suggests that steps taken to ensure the closer involvement of practitioners, include a broader range of social data, encourage stakeholder participation, and consider the feasibility of conservation action can improve the relevance of assessments for conservation planning, strengthen the scientific basis for conservation decisions, and result in a more realistic evaluation of conservation alternatives.     

沈阳市发展低碳经济的探索与实践

概述了近年来沈阳市发展低碳经济工作的进展情况,介绍了沈阳市发展低碳经济具有的深厚基础以及政策、机制和体制机遇,并从建设大浑南低碳发展样板区、实施低碳交通体系建设工程、建设低碳电力供应工程、开展低碳社区建设工程等方面出发,提出了沈阳市实现低碳发展的战略构想。     

建设生态强市 共享生态文明

本文通过分析仪征市创建国家生态市在实践过程中所采取的措施、取得的成效、获得的经验和面临的困难,提出相关思路和对策,为该市生态文明建设打下基础。     

硫酸系统水平衡分析计算和生产实践

在硫酸系统中,通过水平衡分析计算烟气带入净化工序的SO2体积分数和含水量,确定净化工序的能力,控制干燥塔进口烟气温度,使干吸工序生产出合格产品;通过计算,烟气带入净化工序的水量小于产品带出的水量,制酸净化污水经过污水处理工序处理后返回到净化工序重复使用,实现净化污水零排放,消除对环境的污染.     

提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术

作为常规油气重要接替补充的非常规天然气,煤层气越来越受到世人的关注.如何提高煤层气采收率是摆在煤层气开发工程师面前迫切需要解决的技术难题.通过向煤层中注入CO2,既可以提高煤层气采收率又能间接地实现CO2减排,即提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术(CO2-ECBM).该项技术已在世界各地迅速发展,并取得一些实质性进展.文...     

长期不同耕作方式对紫色水稻土重金属含量及有效性的影响

通过长期定位试验,研究了常规平作、水旱轮作、免耕冬水、垄作免耕和厢作免耕5种耕作方式对紫色水稻土剖面重金属(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)总量、有效量及水稻根、茎叶和糙米重金属含量的影响.结果表明,经过22 a的耕作,5种耕作方式对紫色水稻土剖面Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd总量的剖面分布状况影响不显著,而对土壤Mn的剖面分布状况影响显著,常规平作、水旱轮作及免耕冬水均导致表层土壤Mn向下层淋失.5种耕作方式下土壤Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的有效量均随土层深度的增加呈降低趋势,而常规平作、免耕冬水、垄作免耕及厢作免耕土壤Mn有效量则表现出随土层深度的增加而增高的趋势.5种耕作方式下,表层土壤Fe、Mn有效量以水旱轮作最高,Zn、Pb有效量以常规平作最高,而Cu有效量受耕作方式的影响不显著.相关分析结果表明,表层土壤有效Fe与pH呈极显著的负相关关系,与有机质呈显著的负相关关系,有效Mn与pH和有机质均呈极显著的负相关关系,有效Zn与总Zn呈显著正相关关系.水旱轮作、垄作免耕及厢作免耕条件下水稻根部Fe、Mn含量,茎叶Fe、Mn、Cu、Cd含量,糙米Cu含量均高于常规平作和免耕冬水,水旱轮作能明显降低Cd向糙米的迁移系数,对降低糙米Cd含量有明显的效果,且水旱轮作条件下糙米Cd含量低于国家食品卫生标准.水稻根部Fe含量与pH呈极显著负相关关系,与有效Fe呈极显著正相关关系,根部Mn含量与pH呈极显著负相关关系,与有效Mn呈极显著正相关关系,茎叶中Mn含量与pH呈显著的负相关关系,与总Mn及有效Mn呈显著的正相关关系,茎叶和糙米Cu含量与pH均呈极显著的负相关关系,糙米中Zn含量与pH呈显著负相关关系,与CEC呈极显著正相关关系.结果表明,耕作方式主要通过影响土壤pH而影响土壤重金属的有效量及水稻重金属的含量,水旱轮作可提高表层土壤Fe、Mn活性,降低土壤Zn、Pb和Cd活性,并能在一定程度上降低糙米Pb、Cd含量,但也应注意长期的水旱轮作可能会导致表层土壤Mn过度向下层淋溶.     

Temperature and water pressure head effects on the degradation of the diketonitrile metabolite of isoxaflutole in a loamy soil under two tillage systems

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature and water pressure head on the degradation of the diketonitrile metabolite (DKN) of isoxaflutole during 84 d in samples collected in a loamy soil under conventional (CT) and conservation (MT) tillage systems. Soil temperature was the major factor controlling DKN degradation in the two tillage systems. The shortest half-lives (T_1/2) were measured in the seedbed samples under MT at 25 °C and −33 cm water pressure head. We found that mouldboard ploughing under CT was responsible for the spatial variability of herbicide degradation properties, whereas under MT herbicide degradation was associated to the vertical distribution of organic matter.     

加拿大推动可持续发展战略的策略及实践

文章介绍了加拿大的简况,讨论了加拿大可持续发展的历程以及促使各政府部门将可持续发展战略落实到工作中的环境审计制度。探讨了加拿大可持续发展战略实施方面的部分经验,如向国会提交年度环境与可持续发展审计报告、工业可持续发展战略的制定及加拿大-中国的可持续发展合作等。     

Moving FOCUS – The Fire Service Organizational Culture of Safety survey – From research to practice

Introduction: FOCUS, the Fire Service Organizational Culture of Safety survey, has evolved from a research to practice enterprise within the United States fire and rescue service. The FOCUS tool was developed through a FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Research & Development grant. Then it moved to practice in the field. To date over 35,000 firefighters have participated. A current FEMA Fire Prevention & Safety grant can support FOCUS assessment in up to 1,000 fire departments, with the potential of nearly 120,000 respondents. With each funding cycle, the goal of the FOCUS program is to grow and measure its research to practice impact. Methods: We describe how FOCUS safety culture results are disseminated to fire service stakeholders. By utilizing customized reports and a training curriculum we demonstrate how FOCUS is moving research to practice by: (1) illustrating how survey results can be delivered effectively to practitioners, (2) providing examples of how fire departments are using results, and (3) sharing the reactions of the fire service to the FOCUS instrument, reports, and our flagship data training curriculum – Culture Camp. Results' Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed to demonstrate the impact and acceptance of the FOCUS report and Culture Camps. Stakeholders reflect on the report and the experience of having quantitative safety culture data. Culture Camps are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using a matching game exercise, pre/post-test, a fire department teach back, and a Qualtrics evaluation. Practical Applications: Traditionally, the fire service has focused on reducing negative safety outcomes. FOCUS is helping shift their attention further upstream in the prevention pathway through the measurement of important organizational outcomes. The research to practice evolution of the FOCUS program may hold utility for other occupational groups when considering how to steadily move occupational health and safety research to practice in the field for measurable impact.