教研类实验室环境污染物来源解析及减排策略研究

当前教研类实验室进行教学及科研活动所产生的各类环境污染物,具有种类繁多,数量不定,混合排放,成分复杂,突发性强等显著特点,潜在环境污染问题日益突出。基于上述特点,本文提出了由上至下的综合减缓对策,即环境行政管理部门,教研相关部门,实验室管理人员及使用人员多层面联动,从首末两端同时采取针对性治理或减缓措施,重视污染物产生过程管理,逐步提高教研实验室管理水平和使用效率,为实践教育教学改革提供硬环境保障。     

钢铁行业环境综合治理实践

介绍了宣钢“十一五”期间采取“创新应用污染防治新技术,治理污染源;采用清洁生产先进技术,改进工艺和装备;加快淘汰落后、装备结构调整;二次能源回收、实施循环经济”综合治理措施,齐头并进综合治理宣钢的环境问题,实现了企业环保工作的重大进步,为宣钢可持续发展奠定了基础。     

Investigation on the effectiveness of pretreatment in stormwater management technologies

The effectiveness of presettling basins as component of stormwater best management practice （BMP） technologies was investigated. Storm event monitoring and sediment collection were conducted from May 2009 to November 2012 on the presettling basins of the three BMP technologies designed to capture and treat stormwater runoff from highly impervious roads and parking lots. Data on captured runoff and sediment, total suspended solids （TSS） loadings, rainfall and runoff rate, sediment accumulation rate, as well as particle distribution and pollutant concentrations of sediment were gathered and analyzed along with the physical design characteristics of the presettling basins such as surface area and storage volume. Regression models were generated to determine significant relationships between design parameters. Results revealed that the storage volume ratio （ratio of storage volume of presettling basin to BMP） was an important parameter in designing the presettling basin of the BMP. For practicality, optimizing the design of the presetfling basin means that the storage volume ratio should be determined based on the desired captured amount of runoff and sediment from runoff to limit the frequency of maintenance caused by the accumulation of sediment. It was recommended that pretreatment of runoff should be employed when the site in which the BMP is to be sited has high TSS loading and runoff rate, and is subjected to high intensity rainfall.     

环境损害鉴定范围探彘

环境损害鉴定范围在法学、司法领域具有特定法律意义。但是,在行政管理中,环境损害鉴定被环境损害评估所等同、混淆,势必带来环境损害鉴定理论的混乱和环境损害鉴定实践的乱象。如何界定环境损害鉴定范围是环境损害鉴定理论及实践所要回答的基本问题。本文从环境损害鉴定范围界定依据入手,探讨环境损害鉴定范围议题。研究表明,环境损害鉴定范围无论在理论层面还是在实践层面均为缺失状态,环境损害鉴定范围仍未依法确定。其根本原因在于环境损害鉴定理论发育不成熟及环境损害鉴定司法实践匮乏。我国环境损害鉴定实践与环境损害鉴定范围理论界定存在巨大差距。尤其在环境损害鉴定的司法实践中,不可用环境损害评估代替环境损害鉴定。因此。界定环境损害鉴定范围是完善环境损害鉴定理论前提;规范环境损害鉴定范围能促进环境损害鉴定实践展开;界定环境损害鉴定范围可以有效地区分环境损害鉴定与评估。     

法国公海保护的管理和实践及其对我国的借鉴意义

对公海海洋环境和生物多样性的保护刻不容缓。介绍了法国公海保护的管理和实践,包括：先进的海洋保护管理机制,法律和政策,与其他国家合作建立了派拉格斯公海保护区等。提出了给我国相关工作带来的启示。     

流域水污染防治“十二五”规划分区方法与实践

流域规划分区管理是国内外流域治理的普遍经验,为逐步改变中国流域管理与区域管理“两张皮”的局面并促进两者的真正结合,阐述了进行流域规划分区的必要性和意义。《重点流域水污染防治规划（2011-2015年）》强化了分区、分级和分类防治的策略,构建了流域一控制区一控制单元的三级规划分区管理体系,提出了分区原则和方法,明确了流域、控制区和控制单元的范围及边界的划分方法,将8个重点流域划分为37个控制区、315个控制单元,确定了“十二五”水污染防治格局。同时筛选出118个重点控制单元,分为水质维护型、水质改善型和风险防范型3种类型,分类制定差异性的水污染防治综合治理方案,为未来流域的精细化水环境管理奠定了基础。     

“环境监测实习”实践教学的改革和实践

在建设校内外“环境监测实习”实践基地的基础上,形成将区域环境质量监测、城市环境监测站和污水处理厂参观等相结合的新型“环境监测实习”实践教学内容体系,建立动手实践、参观和讲座等联合的新的教学方式,并建立激发学生全面发展的教学评分体系,强化学生实践能力、综合素质和创新能力的培养,从而将实践、教学和科研紧密结合,为学生顺利走入相应工作岗位奠定基础。     

长期不同耕作方式下紫色水稻土和上覆水中汞及甲基汞的分布特征

为了解不同耕作方式对稻田中甲基汞的影响,在免耕冬水、垄作免耕、厢作免耕、水旱轮作和常规平作等5种耕作方式的长期定位试验地,分层采集土壤和上覆水样品,分析了汞及甲基汞的垂直分布特征.结果表明,免耕冬水、垄作免耕以及厢作免耕条件下土壤总汞含量在10~20 cm层最高,其中免耕冬水富集效果相对明显;而水旱轮作和常规平作处理则随土层加深呈下降趋势,其中水旱轮作更有利于汞的迁移转化.免耕冬水、厢作免耕、常规平作土壤甲基汞含量在剖面的分布规律与土壤总汞类似,除水旱轮作土壤汞甲基化能力在底层比表、中层较强外,其余4种处理则相反.5种耕作方式下稻田上覆水中溶解态汞(DHg)和溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)含量均随水深而增加,且水旱轮作和常规平作相对较高.各处理孔隙水中DHg含量与该层次土壤总汞含量有关,两者在土壤剖面上的波动趋势基本相同.免耕冬水、垄作免耕的孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均在10~20 cm层出现最大值.水旱轮作和常规平作的孔隙水DMe Hg含量则相反,在10~20 cm层有最低值,两种处理的DMe Hg占DHg比例随土壤深度增加而上升.不同处理孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均大于对应处理上覆水的值.     

一流本科专业建设背景下的安全工程实践教学探索

为探索一流本科专业建设背景下安全工程专业实践教学新模式,增强安全工程专业学生的创新精神和实践能力,分析河北工业大学安全工程专业实践教学数据.指出实践教学在专业实验、课程设计以及实习环节中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出并实施增加综合实验比例、组织课程设计规划教材编写、采取校企双赢模式共建实习基地、构建"双实操,一参观"过程...     

Assessment of the Conservation Efforts to Prevent Extinction of the Iberian Lynx

Abstract: The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) may be the first charismatic felid to become extinct in a high‐income country, despite decades of study and much data that show extinction is highly probable. The International Union for Conservation of Nature categorizes it as critically endangered; about 200 free‐ranging individuals remain in two populations in southern Spain. Conservation measures aimed at averting extirpation have been extensively undertaken with 4 of the former 10 Iberian lynx populations recorded 25 years ago. Two of the four populations have been extirpated. The number of individuals in the third population have declined by 83%, and in the fourth the probability of extirpation has increased from 34% to 95%. Major drivers of the pending extinction are the small areas to which conservation measures have been applied; lack of incorporation of evidence‐based conservation, scientific monitoring, and adaptive management into conservation efforts; a lack of continuity in recovery efforts, and distrust by conservation agencies of scientific information. In contrast to situations in which conservation and economic objectives conflict, in the case of the Iberian lynx all stakeholders desire the species to be conserved.