EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO CONTROL AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various land-use practices upon the production of nonpoint source pollutants from small agricultural watersheds in Northern Virginia. Pollutant production at each watershed was determined by individual monitoring stations. Data analysis consisted of a determination of the site specific pollutant yield for similar watersheds subjected to differing crop management approaches. These collected data were then compared to those generated by a parametric, event model developed for this investigation. This synthetic data base was used to eliminate or reduce errors resulting from monitoring site differences and to extend the collected data for additional comparisons.     

乳源优质白肋烟因土施肥技术研究

通过田间试验，研究乳源县砂泥田和红火泥地氮、磷、钾养分的供应特性；白肋烟各生育期吸收氮、磷、钾养分的规律，以及在不同类型的土壤上氮、磷、钾肥的不同配比对白肋烟产量和质量的影响。根据试验结果进行统计，提出了优质白肋烟因土施肥技术方法。     

我国自然资源核算的实践进展与理论体系构建

加强自然资源核算理论研究与实践工作是完善自然资源治理体系和提升治理能力的基础。基于WSR“物理、事理、人理”方法论,对自然资源核算理论和文献开展研究,探索构建我国的自然资源核算体系。研究结果表明：WSR系统方法论适宜于自然资源核算分析;基于WSR系统分析,自然资源核算体系结构包括宏观的以服务于宏观经济规划和经济决策为目的的自然资源国民经济核算,中观的以服务于政府资产管理为目的的自然资源资产管理核算,微观的以服务于企业自然资源资产经营和市场要素配置为目的的企业经营性自然资源会计核算;基于WSR方法构建的自然资源核算体系有助于明晰各层次核算目的、核算框架、实现途径、核算方法上的选择。     

A critical discussion of research on the social acceptance of renewable energy generation and associated infrastructures and an agenda for the future

Social sciences’ research on the social acceptance of renewable energy generation and associated technologies (RET), such as high voltage power lines, has been growing in the last decades. In fact, while RET are considered one of the main mitigation measures of climate change, opposition to their construction, and namely from the local communities living nearby, is often found. Important conceptual proposals have been made for a better understanding of opposition, however, this literature still presents some limitations. Here, I will discuss two of them: first, the main focus on the local and, with it, the lack of a relational and critical approach, which recognizes opposition and other types of responses to RET as public participation in RET-related issues; second, the focus on the individual and the consequent lack of examining people’s material practices and engagements.     

船舶修造安全工程专业人才培养模式

介绍了青岛远洋船员学院基本情况和国内船舶修造行业发展简况以及学院安全技术管理专业建立的背景,并从培养模式、课程设置、教材建设、实践教学等4个方面阐述了我院船舶安全技术管理专业的教学计划制定情况.     

德阳市城市生活垃圾处理技术的研究与实践

本文以德阳市城市生活垃圾的研究及垃圾处理工程的建设为主线，论述了德阳市在生活垃圾处理实践中不断探索和改造的实情；以满足城市发展需要的垃圾处理方式及转运工作为主线，介绍了生活垃圾处理场不断进行科研和实践的工作。     

农村环保机构在农村生态环境保护中的实践

通过农村环保机构的设置和实践，为农村自然生态保护工作提供一些经验。     

Pulse emissions of N2O and CO2 from an arable field depending on fertilization and tillage practice

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil are characterized by strong emission pulses. Although several mechanisms are known to create them, pulses are difficult to predict. Currently there is no established systematic way to identify pulses from long-term static chamber measurement results. In this study we suggest a simple algorithm for pulse identification. The algorithm was applied on time series of N₂O and carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes from a field study on the long-term impact of fertilization and tillage practice. Between 4 and 9% of N₂O values were pulse values; 20-60% of total emission was emitted as pulses. Minimum tillage resulted in more pulses than plowing. In contrast, long-term averages of N₂O losses from nitrogen (N) fertilizer were similar (3-4%) for all management practices. N₂O emissions per crop yield for increased fertilization practice were double the values for reduced fertilization practice independent of tillage practice. CO₂ emission pulses were scarce and there was no significant effect of management practice on CO₂ pulse probability.     

环境科学与工程专业实践教学环节的探讨

当今社会中国的环境问题日益突出,人民群众的环境意识日益加强,随之而来的对环境科学与工程高技术人才的需求量越来越大,同时对环境科学与工程高技术人才的要求也越来越高。在培养具有高竞争能力和创新精神的复合型高素质环境专业人才的过程中,实践教学环节显得尤为重要。锻炼和提高学生的动手能力和实践能力,培养学生的创新精神,是提高学生在社会中竞争力的关键。文中分析了环境科学与工程专业实践教学环节中存在的主要问题;提出了从实验教学及工程设计环节、实习环节到毕业设计环节进行改革,增强实践教学的内容,改进实践教学的方法。     

Mobile phone use while driving: Development and validation of knowledge,attitude, and practice survey instruments

Introduction: Instruments that assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mobile phone use serve as a primary assessment tool on which mobile phone distracted driving interventions can be designed. The objective of this study is to develop and validate KAP-modeled survey instruments that measure the knowledge of mobile phone hazards while driving (KMPHD), the attitude of drivers towards mobile phone use while driving (AMPUD), and the practice of mobile phone use while driving (PMPUD). Method: This study was a cross-sectional analytical survey conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three instruments were designed to measure KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD. Content validity, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis were conducted, and items were excluded based on the collective results of the analysis. The domains of the constructs and the reliability of the instruments are reported. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the regression weights of each item and the model fit. Results: From an original list of 13, 12, and 10 items in the KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD instruments, a final list of 7, 5, and 7 items were generated in each survey instrument, respectively. Two domains of the knowledge of hazards and practice of mobile phone use were obtained, and attitude to phone use while driving was a single domain. The reliabilities (Cronbach alpha) of the KMPHD (0.881), AMPUD (0.954), and PMPUD (0.920) were sufficiently high. Also, all items in the three instruments had moderate-to-high regression coefficients, and the model fits of the instruments were good. Conclusions: This study provides KAP-modeled survey instruments that can be used to assess a population-based knowledge, attitude, and practice of mobile phone use while driving. Practical Applications: This survey instrument can be used in assessing baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of phone use while driving and determine the focus and effectiveness of mobile phone-induced distracted driving interventions.