Effects of Alternative Cotton Agriculture on Avian and Arthropod Populations

Abstract:  Among the major agricultural crops in the southeastern United States, cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) generally provides the least suitable habitat for most early successional songbirds. Newer cropping approaches, such as use of conservation tillage and stripcover cropping, offer hope for improving the ecological value of cotton fields. We examined the effects of clover stripcover cropping with conservation tillage versus conventionally grown cotton with either conventional or conservation tillage on avian and arthropod species composition and field use in east-central Georgia. Stripcover fields had higher bird densities and biomass and higher relative abundance of arthropods than both conservation tillage and conventional fields. During migration and breeding periods, total bird densities on stripcover fields were 2–6 times and 7–20 times greater than on conservation and conventional fields, respectively. Abundance and biomass for epigeal arthropods were also greatest on stripcover fields during much of the breeding season. Although the clover treatment attracted the highest avian and arthropod densities, conservation fields still provided more wildlife and agronomic benefits than conventional management. Our findings suggest that both conservation tillage and stripcropping systems will improve conditions for birds in cotton, with stripcropped fields providing superior habitat. The reduction of inputs possible with the clover system could allow farmers to lower costs associated with conventional cotton production by $282–317/ha. This reduction of input, coupled with similar or possibly increased yield over conventional systems makes stripcover cropping not only a good choice for reducing negative impacts on wildlife and surrounding ecosystems, but also an economically desirable one.     

英语分级教学与学习动机

首先介绍了“学习动机”的定义，提出在英语教学中激发学生学习动机的重要性，接着分析影响学生学习动机的因素与如何激发其学习动机。然后结合我校公共外语分级教学的实际状况，对分级教学是否有利于激发学生学习动机进行分析，最后对我校分级教学提出了几点建议。     

绩效管理理论在环境监测站管理实践中的应用和探索

绩效管理是人力资源管理的重要组成部分,有效的绩效管理是确保实现组织目标及员工自身发展的关键.从绩效的概念、绩效管理的概念两个方面概述了绩效管理的基本理论.从环境监测站工作的性质和质量管理的缺陷两个方面阐述了绩效管理的必要性.从绩效的计划、绩效实施的过程控制、绩效的考核与评价、绩效结果的应用与反馈四个方面阐述了监测站绩效管理的基本现状.从缺少针对于环境监测的完善的绩效管理理论和缺少有效的绩效考核标准两个方面,总结了环境监测站绩效管理实践中遇到的问题.     

绿色供应链管理在汽车制造企业的实践与思考

以上汽通用汽车开展绿色供应链管理的实践为背景,研究了上汽通用绿色供应链管理模式的特点以及绿色绩效改进的方法学。在总结绿色供应链管理成果的基础上,分析了我国制造型企业开展绿色供应链管理的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,给出了我国经济新常态背景下企业开展绿色供应链管理的改革方向与理论依据,为我国政府推动企业开展绿色供应链提供了决策支持。     

实操考评系统在特种设备作业考核中的应用探讨

为了提高特种设备作业人员实操考核工作效率,降低差错率,解决人员紧缺的矛盾,长庆安全生产技术培训中心严格按照国家考核大纲要求,研发了特种设备作业实操考评系统。通过对该实操考评系统功能介绍及现场应用情况的总结分析,显示该考评系统具备随机组卷,考试成绩实时评判,多个考评员同时打分,户外环境离线考试,视频影像自动采集,考试资料批量下载等功能,使得实操考核工作更加科学、高效、公平、公正。该实操考评系统可满足油田安全技术考核工作需要,在现场应用中取得了非常好的效果。     

Soil and water conservation method adoption in a highly erosive watershed: the case of Southwest Oklahoma's Fort Cobb watershed

A major source of pollution in agricultural landscapes is surface runoff and non-point source pollution generated from agricultural production practices. In-stream, stream bank and riparian conservation/management practices can be implemented to reduce sediment loading solely or in conjunction with upland practices. Survey results from producers in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, a highly erosive watershed in southwest Oklahoma with a history of state and federal conservation programs, provide information required for improving understanding of operators’ likelihood of adoption. Two models of soil and water conservation were estimated, a logit model of likelihood of enrollment and a Poisson model of the total number of practices adopted. Results reinforced previous findings that attitudes, gender and education influence conservation program enrollment. Farming experience, gender and attitudes towards conservation increased the total number of practices adopted.     

Shared values for the marine environment – developing a culture of practice for marine spatial planning

Though still relatively new, the development of marine spatial planning has been based on the on the premise that as a rational planning process, it can be applied following universal principles and steps informed by land-based inspired theoretical underpinnings. However, within this process, differences between marine and terrestrial environments are being overlooked, potentially affecting the way in which the marine environment is understood and valued, and the development of a culture of practice for, and specific to, marine spatial planning. By framing planning as a cultural construct, this paper aims to explore the extent to which land-based rationales are affecting the development of a marine spatial planning culture of practice, with its own ethos and shared values. A culturalised planning model adapted from [Knieling, J. and Othengrafen, F. (2015). Planning culture—a concept to explain the evolution of planning policies and processes in Europe? European Planning Studies, 23(11), 2133–2147] is used as a framework. Whilst acknowledging the importance of the contributions from land-based planning and the ecological sciences, the findings suggest that those unconscious beliefs and perceptions affecting society’s understanding of the marine environment should contribute to informing shared values for marine spatial planning practice.     

吹脱-吸附工艺处理钒冶炼高氨氮废水的工程实践

详细介绍了采用常温循环吹脱-移动床吸附工艺处理湖南某钒厂V2O5生产过程排放的高盐高浓度氨氮废水的工艺流程,分析了氨氮去除率的影响因素,并提出了最佳工艺条件。工程实际应用表明:吹脱-吸附工艺对高浓度氨氮废水(Na+浓度为50g/L、NH3-N浓度为13 000mg/L)具有很好的处理效果,出水氨氮浓度低于15mg/L,可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的一级排放标准,且高纯度氯化铵的回收利用也大大降低了工程成本。     

基于OBE的《安全系统工程》课程教学改革及实践

为促进学生工程实践能力的培养,确保培养目标达成,本文探讨在《安全系统工程》教学中面临的主要问题及其解决办法。针对课程教学过程中存在的学生缺少必要的专业知识,学习困难,理论教学和实践相脱节,以及课程考核方式难以反映学生工程实践能力培养效果等问题,基于“成果导向”研究教学大纲、教学内容、授课方式、学习方式以及课程考核方式等方面的改革措施,并在教学过程中加以实施,取得较好效果。     

Accelerating Adaptation of Natural Resource Management to Address Climate Change

Natural resource managers are seeking tools to help them address current and future effects of climate change. We present a model for collaborative planning aimed at identifying ways to adapt management actions to address the effects of climate change in landscapes that cross public and private jurisdictional boundaries. The Southwest Climate Change Initiative (SWCCI) piloted the Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) planning approach at workshops in 4 southwestern U.S. landscapes. This planning approach successfully increased participants’ self‐reported capacity to address climate change by providing them with a better understanding of potential effects and guiding the identification of solutions. The workshops fostered cross‐jurisdictional and multidisciplinary dialogue on climate change through active participation of scientists and managers in assessing climate change effects, discussing the implications of those effects for determining management goals and activities, and cultivating opportunities for regional coordination on adaptation of management plans. Facilitated application of the ACT framework advanced group discussions beyond assessing effects to devising options to mitigate the effects of climate change on specific species, ecological functions, and ecosystems. Participants addressed uncertainty about future conditions by considering more than one climate‐change scenario. They outlined opportunities and identified next steps for implementing several actions, and local partnerships have begun implementing actions and conducting additional planning. Continued investment in adaptation of management plans and actions to address the effects of climate change in the southwestern United States and extension of the approaches used in this project to additional landscapes are needed if biological diversity and ecosystem services are to be maintained in a rapidly changing world. Acelerando la Adaptación del Manejo de Recursos Naturales para Atender el Cambio Climático