Water-Quality Performance of a Constructed Stormwater Wetland for All Flow Conditions1

Wadzuk, Bridget M., Matthew Rea, Gregg Woodruff, Kelly Flynn, and Robert G. Traver, 2010. Water-Quality Performance of a Constructed Stormwater Wetland for All Flow Conditions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):385-394. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00408.x Abstract: Results from a multiyear study demonstrate that a constructed stormwater wetland (CSW) improves urban stormwater runoff quality mitigating downstream impacts. Best management practices, such as CSWs, can comprehensively treat the various scales of stormwater runoff issues. Discrete sample analysis was used to investigate the CSW effect for storm events and base-flow periods on water-quality parameters [i.e., total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, phosphorous (total and reactive), chloride, heavy metals (zinc, lead, and copper), and Escherichia coli]. The primary finding was that stormwater sediment load was removed through the CSW for all flow conditions during all seasons. The mechanisms responsible for the removal of suspended solids, including slower flow velocity, longer retention times, and vegetative contact, also reduced the mass of nutrients discharged downstream throughout the year. Exceedance probabilities were used to evaluate the expected pollutant reductions of nutrients and to incorporate the effect of natural flow variation on quality. Other findings included the observation that there was no significant difference in the performance of the CSW over two-year-long periods four years apart, indicating that a CSW is effective for an extended period.     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与方法实践与探讨

规划环评是我国环评领域的一个新方向，公众参与是规划环评中的一个重要组成部分。从实践出发，以浙江省2010年电力发展规划及2020年展望的能源类规划环评为案例，对专项规划环评的公众参与作了初步探讨。并提出了提高专项规划环境影响评价公众参与有效性的建议。     

Modeling the Impacts of Farming Practices on Water Quality in the Little Miami River Basin

Since intensive farming practices are essential to produce enough food for the increasing population, farmers have been using more inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Agricultural lands are currently one of the major sources of non-point source pollution. However, by changing farming practices in terms of tillage and crop rotation, the levels of contamination can be reduced and the quality of soil and water resources can be improved. Thus, there is a need to investigate the amalgamated hydrologic effects when various tillage and crop rotation practices are operated in tandem. In this study, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to evaluate the individual and combined impacts of various farming practices on flow, sediment, ammonia, and total phosphorus loads in the Little Miami River basin. The model was calibrated and validated using the 1990–1994 and 1980–1984 data sets, respectively. The simulated results revealed that the SWAT model provided a good simulation performance. For those tested farming scenarios, no-tillage (NT) offered more environmental benefits than moldboard plowing (MP). Flow, sediment, ammonia, and total phosphorus under NT were lower than those under MP. In terms of crop rotation, continuous soybean and corn–soybean rotation were able to reduce sediment, ammonia, and total phosphorus loads. When the combined effects of tillage and crop rotation were examined, it was found that NT with continuous soybean or corn–soybean rotation could greatly restrain the loss of sediments and nutrients to receiving waters. Since corn–soybean rotation provides higher economic revenue, a combination of NT and corn–soybean rotation can be a viable system for successful farming.     

BAT and BEP as instruments for reducing emissions of unintentionally produced POPs and development of guidelines under the stockholm convention

The 6th Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC 6), under the Stockholm Convention on POPs, gave an expert group the mandate to develop guidelines for the application and implementation of best available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP) for the prevention and reduction of unintentionally produced and emitted POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Measures to reduce or eliminate the release of these POPs to the environment can be found in Article 5 of the Convention. BAT and BEP are already being applied as emission reduction instruments in a number of industrialised countries and are elements of other major international treaties, e.g. the UN ECE Protocol on POPs and the Marine Convention's OSPAR and HELCOM, and of the EU Directive for Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC Directive). Existing concepts are presented and compared with the requirements of the Stockholm Convention. Consequences, perspectives and questions for the future intersessional work of the above-mentioned Expert Group are discussed.     

论环境监测站目标的实施

本文用系统论、控制论和信息论原理，结合监测站的特点与实际，从实施准备、咨询指导、监督检查、控制过程、协调工作五个方面论述了环境监测站目标任务的优化实施。对监测站进行监测工作质量的提高和为一系列指令性或指导性环境任务的圆满完成有较好的参考价值     

Conservation practices in U.S. agriculture and their impact on carbon sequestration

Increase in the use of conservation practices byagriculture in the United States will enhance soilorganic carbon and potentially increase carbonsequestration. This, in turn, will decrease the netemission of carbon dioxide. A number of studies existthat calibrate the contribution of various individual,site-specific conservation practices on changes insoil organic carbon. There is a general absence,however, of a comprehensive effort to measureobjectively the contribution of these practicesincluding conservation tillage, the ConservationReserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to anchange in soil organic carbon. This paper fills thatvoid. After recounting the evolution of the use ofthe various conservation practices, it is estimatedthat organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the UnitedStates attributable to these practices was about 12.2million metric tons. By 2008, there will be anincrease of about 25%. Given that there is asignificant potential for conservation practices tolead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there area number of policy options that can be pursued.     

环境监测站实验室认可的实践与思考

简述了国家实验室认可的依据和程序，结合成都市环境监测中心站通过国家实验室认可的经验，提出了该项工作的重点：建立完善的文件化管理体系；重视关键岗位的人员配置；领导重视、发动全员参与，加强全员的培训；重视日常运行记录的规范性和完整性；重视管理体系的内审和管理评审；重视不符合项的及时整改和有效性监督。     

厌氧-好氧(SBR)工艺治理天然橡胶生产废水工程实例

天然橡胶生产废水经三级厌氧-一级好氧(SBR)工艺治理后,可去除>97.7%的CODCr,废水水质可达到污水综合排放二级标淮.结果显示,本文中所描述的工艺是天然橡胶生产废水治理中的一种技术可行、效果稳定的工艺.     

加强高职院校实践性英语教学

当今高职院校英语教学模式传统而单一,缺乏实践活动,脱离了现实.要从根本上改变这种现状,需加强高职院校实践性英语教学.加强英语教学的实践性,增加英语课堂的实践活动,可以增强学生的学习兴趣,更好地达到教学的目的和效果.加强实践性英语教学,可以传授就业技能,并激发就业意识.     

丽水市生态示范区建设实践与迎验准备思考

丽水市为国家级生态示范区，创建工作四年以来，通过实施五大生态工程，将欠发达地区的优良生态环境后发优势转化为生态优势，促进了社会和经济的可持续发展，并已取得阶段性成果，准备2003年迎接国家验收。本文介绍丽水市生态示范区的创建实践经验，并对验收工作准备提出了思考。