封闭湖泊蓝藻水华预警机制及应急控制方法

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进以及经济的快速发展,城市封闭湖泊水体污染日益严重,蓝藻水华现象频频发生。文章分析了该类水体水华的主要影响因素,并提出了预警机制。根据已开展的湖泊污染治理工程效果,针对性地提出了几种有效的封闭湖泊蓝藻水华应急控制方法。     

工业循环冷却水系统阻垢剂研究进展

本文简介了循环冷却水系统的应用现状和面临的问题．同时论述了冷却水系统结垢的成因和阻垢的机理,并介绍了阻垢剂的发展历程、研究进展及其特点。最后总结概括了未来阻垢剂的发展趋势。     

流域水环境监测质量管理制度构建初探

针对目前我国流域水环境监测管理制度的现状和流域水监测质量管理体系的缺失,从流域水环境监测管理、监督、流域水环境监测机构资质认定、质量事故行政追究和流域水环境监测机构内部质量管理等方面进行了研究,并构架了流域水环境监测的质量管理、监督、考核、评价、追究等一系列体制、机制。     

渤海富营养化现状、机制及其与赤潮的时空耦合性

通过对历年调查与监测数据的整理,从污染物源强、渤海富营养化状况、赤潮发生的时空分布三个角度,分析了渤海近岸海域富营养化的"压力—状态—响应"耦合作用机制。根据文献及调查资料研究渤海营养要素的来源及通量,指出渤海污染物主要来自于陆源输入,并且以河流携带的营养盐输入为主。在对渤海近岸海域历年营养盐含量及富营养化水平分析的基础上,结合赤潮发生的时空变化特征,就富营养化对渤海赤潮的诱导作用与耦合关系进行初步讨论。     

东大别地区重大地震事件深部地壳结构特征

本文应用东大别地区层析成像研究结果,对研究区重大地震事件的深部地壳结构特征进行了研究,结果表明：霍山地区的2次MS≥6.0级地震在深部地壳结构上具有一定的相似性;1970年以来的12次MS≥4.0地震在25 km深度的地壳速度结构特征比较接近。     

The continuing conundrum of the LEA proteins

Research into late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins has been ongoing for more than 20 years but, although there is a strong association of LEA proteins with abiotic stress tolerance particularly dehydration and cold stress, for most of that time, their function has been entirely obscure. After their initial discovery in plant seeds, three major groups (numbered 1, 2 and 3) of LEA proteins have been described in a range of different plants and plant tissues. Homologues of groups 1 and 3 proteins have also been found in bacteria and in certain invertebrates. In this review, we present some new data, survey the biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics of the LEA proteins and highlight several possible functions. These include roles as antioxidants and as membrane and protein stabilisers during water stress, either by direct interaction or by acting as molecular shields. Along with other hydrophilic proteins and compatible solutes, LEA proteins might also serve as “space fillers” to prevent cellular collapse at low water activities. This multifunctional capacity of the LEA proteins is probably attributable in part to their structural plasticity, as they are largely lacking in secondary structure in the fully hydrated state, but can become more folded during water stress and/or through association with membrane surfaces. The challenge now facing researchers investigating these enigmatic proteins is to make sense of the various in vitro defined functions in the living cell: Are the LEA proteins truly multi-talented, or are they still just misunderstood?     

臭氧生物活性炭有机物吸附与生物降解量化分析

以西安北石桥污水净化中心出水为研究对象,通过对臭氧-生物陶粒与臭氧-生物活性炭处理工艺的对比研究,分析比较了两种生物过滤系统的生物活性及有机物去除特性,建立了臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在有机物降解过程中吸附和生物降解作用的量化计算方法,探讨了臭氧-生物活性炭工艺有机物降解过程及去除机理.研究表明:臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对有机物的去除是活性炭吸附和生物降解的协同作用,其中生物降解占主导作用,约占有机物总去除量的65%,生物降解作用去除的有机物几乎全部是易于降解的溶解性有机物;而吸附作用去除的有机物约占有机物总去除量的35%,去除的有机物中难降解和易于降解的有机物的量基本相当.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

铅在棉秆基活性炭上的吸附动力学与热力学

以棉秆与棉秆纤维为原料,利用磷酸活化法制备了低成本的高比表面微孔棉秆基活性炭,通过静态实验研究了活性炭对水溶液中铅的吸附特性,测定了溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液温度对吸附的影响,探讨了吸附动力学、热力学及吸附机制.根据低温液氮(N2/77K)吸附测定数据,以BET方程、BJH法及H-K法对活性炭孔结构进行了表征,以Boehm滴定、FTIR、零电荷点pHPZC测定及元素分析定量表征活性炭表面含氧官能团.结果表明,以棉秆和棉秆纤维为原料制备的活性炭的比表面积分别为1570和1731m2·g-1,含氧酸官能团含量分别为1.43和0.83mmol·g-1,均高于商业活性炭ST1300.静态吸附实验表明,棉秆基活性炭对铅有较大的吸附容量和吸附效率,最大吸附量超过120mg·g-1,溶液pH对吸附有较大的影响,吸附量随时间增大而增大,在5min内可达饱和吸附量的80%;吸附动力学数据符合假二级方程,Freundlich方程能更好地描述等温吸附行为;热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)0,而焓变(ΔH0)0,说明吸附为吸热的自发反应过程,升温有利于吸附,离子交换可能在吸附过程中起了重要作用.     

国内外土地利用区划研究的回顾与展望

土地利用区划是从区域角度观察和研究地域综合体,探讨土地利用的发展历史、现状特点、变化过程及趋势,从最大限度发挥土地生产潜力及改善土地生态系统的结构与功能出发,对土地的合理利用方向,包括确定国民经济各部门用地的合理分配、结构和布局形式等,在地域上进行分区。通过简要回顾国内外土地利用区划研究的发展历程,总结了土地利用区划研究的理论方法特点及存在的问题,并在此基础上探讨今后土地利用区划研究的重点及发展方向：从自然要素向自然与人文要素有机结合方向转变;从大空间尺度向多空间尺度方向转变;从传统的区划方法向综合集成的新技术手段转变;从静态的区划研究向多要素、多过程耦合的动态区划研究方向转变。