全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1906篇 |
免费 | 197篇 |
国内免费 | 570篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 148篇 |
废物处理 | 96篇 |
环保管理 | 256篇 |
综合类 | 1318篇 |
基础理论 | 340篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 207篇 |
评价与监测 | 176篇 |
社会与环境 | 104篇 |
灾害及防治 | 26篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 47篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 92篇 |
2016年 | 109篇 |
2015年 | 120篇 |
2014年 | 128篇 |
2013年 | 187篇 |
2012年 | 226篇 |
2011年 | 194篇 |
2010年 | 138篇 |
2009年 | 128篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 143篇 |
2006年 | 143篇 |
2005年 | 88篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 50篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2673条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
61.
62.
着重研究了在限制有机物排放总量时,使其运行费用最低的最优周期控制问题.通过增加新的状态变量和用补偿函数法,将本课题的有约束条件问题化为无约束条件问题,并提出了最优步长参数的动态搜索法来修改传统的梯度法,从而较完善地解决了多变量最优周期控制的计算问题.研究中还发现了不同初始条件下最优控制所需要的运行费用也大不相同,进而提出了最优初始状态下最优周期控制的新概念,这对保证出水质量的同时进一步降低污水处理成本来说具有更重要的意义.本文还强调指出:对于尚不具备实现最优控制条件的处理系统,可根据最优控制的研究结果实现具有广泛实用价值的准最优控制. 相似文献
63.
北京市公园土壤铜、铅含量及化学形态分布特征 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
对北京市的12个公园进行表层、深层土壤样品的重金属Cu、Pb含量分析,并对其中10个公园的表层、深层土壤样品进行Cu、Pb的化学形态分析。研究结果表明:北京市部分公园的深层土壤已在某种程度上受到人为扰动,大多数公园表层土壤中存在着一定的Cu、Pb含量积累现象,总体上市区公园比郊区公园明显。公园表层、深层土壤中Cu形态分布的总体规律均为残渣晶格态>有机结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,表层、深层土壤中Pb形态分布的总体规律均为残渣晶格态>铁锰氧化物结合态>有机结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,但表层土壤中活性态Cu、Pb的平均比例较深层土壤均有所上升,部分市区公园表层土壤中Cu、Pb的含量较高且活性态比例较大,具有一定的释放潜力和生物有效性。 相似文献
64.
Robert France 《Environmental management》1996,20(2):249-255
Due to assimilation of recycled CO2 from litter decomposition and photosynthetic changes in carbon fractionation at low light levels, the foliage at the base of a forest is often more depleted in13C compared to that exposed to the atmosphere in either the canopy or in open clearings. This is referred to as the canopy effect. African research has indicated that these habitat differences in foliar 13C can be substantial enough to affect the carbon isotope ratios of resident fauna. Previous work documenting a 30-year chronology on moose teeth from Isle Royale National Park indicated a progressive depletion in13C and suggested that this could be due to forest regrowth following extensive burning. The present study examined the assumption implicit in this hypothesis that foliar 13C varies between open and closed boreal forest sites. I found a marginal canopy effect of 2 13C difference between upper canopy and ground flora for a forest in northwestern Ontario and an average difference of 1.2 in under- and mid-story vegetation between closed forests and open clear-cuts. Because of these small differences, the utility of carbon isotope analysis in quantifying temporally integrated exploitation of deforested habitats will be low for northern boreal locations. In denser forests, such as those in the tropics or western North American where the canopy effect can be expected to be much greater, 13C analysis may still offer some promise for determining selection by wildlife of disturbed habitats. 相似文献
65.
Atsuyoshi Nakayama Norioki Kawasaki Ioannis Arvanitoyannis Seiichi Aiba Noboru Yamamoto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(3):205-211
Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of -butyrolactone (BL) and its derivatives withl-lactide (LLA). Although tetraphenyl tin was the main catalyst used, other organometallic catalysts were used as well.1H and13C NMR spectra showed that poly(BL-co-LLA)s were statistical and that their number-average molecular weights were as high as 7×104. The maximum BL content obtained from copolymerization BL/LLA was around 17%. TheT
m andT
g values of the copolymers showed a gradual depression with an increase in BL content. NoT
m was obtained for the copolymers containing more than 13 mol% BL. The biodegradability of the copolyesters was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and nonenzymatic hydrolysis tests. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 37°C for 24 h using lipases fromRhizopus arrhizus andR. delemar. Hydrolyses by both lipases showed that an increase in BL content of the copolymer resulted in enhanced biodegradability. Nonenzymatic accelerated hydrolysis of copolymers at 70°C was found to increase proportionally to their exposure time. The hydrolysis rate of these copolymers was considerably faster than that of PLLA. The higher hydrolyzability was recorded for the BL-rich copolymers. The copolymerization of -methyl--butyrolactone (MBL) or -ethyl--butyrolactone (EBL) with LLA resulted in relatively LA-rich copolymers. 相似文献
66.
J. J. Jesudason R. H. Marchessault T. Saito 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(2):89-98
The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity. 相似文献
67.
68.
69.
70.