Vc二步发酵离体实验系统的建立

以氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌混合培养物的无细胞抽提液为基本反应液,在试管中建立了Vc二步发酵离体实验系统,将底物山梨糖加入反应体系后在pH7．0,35℃下保温24h,2－酮基－L－古龙酸生成,加入巨大芽孢杆菌胞外活性物质对离体系统的产酸没有影响,一定量的L－山梨糖脱氢酶可促进产酸,试验了pH、θ／℃、金属离子、电子受体、去污剂等对该系统产酸的影响,并就其作用机理进行了探讨,结果表明离体系统产酸的最适pH和θ／℃分别是8和．40℃,Fe^3 促进产酸,Co^2 抑制产酸2,6－二氯酚定酚作为电子受体促进细胞膜组分产酸,但对细胞质组分没有影响,Triton X-100和Tween80抑制产酸。     

地铁多线换乘车站火灾模型实验研究—(2)十字换乘车站火灾

针对当前地铁十字换乘车站缺少火灾场景系统性分析和评估的问题,釆用1∶10的地铁多线换乘车站火灾实验模型,进行十字换乘车站的火灾场景设计和对应全尺寸火源热释放率0.91~2.60 MW的火灾实验,研究十字换乘车站内站厅及站台危险位置发生火灾时的优化排烟方案。结果表明:站厅一端火灾时,站厅排烟可确保中部换乘通道和站厅另一端楼梯及出口在起火6 min内不受烟气影响;站厅中部火灾时,采用站厅排烟能保障站厅两端楼梯及出口作为疏散通道的安全性。地下2层站台或地下3层站台一端楼梯口发生火灾时,采用站台排烟与站厅送风联动的模式可控制烟气在站台内的扩散范围,确保站台未起火楼梯和站厅层在起火6 min内能够作为安全疏散通道;仅采用站台排烟可以控制烟气在站台内水平方向的扩散,但在火源功率较大时烟气会通过换乘通道和楼梯进入站厅。通过模型实验验证十字换乘车站中采用站厅站台联合通风模式的有效性,并提出多种火源功率、通风模式下的烟气扩散范围和规律,为十字换乘车站的烟气控制模式优化提供了数据支撑。     

Governance experiments in climate action: empirical findings from the 28 European Union countries

Climate targets call for novel policy measures to facilitate widespread adoption of low-carbon solutions and innovations. The literature on socio-technical systems argues that experimentation has a prominent role in enabling sustainability transition. Experiments represent ways of testing new ideas and methods across a wide range of policy fields. Governance experiments in particular can support accelerated diffusion of new solutions, because they integrate policy with innovations. Here, types of success factors in the implementation of governance experiments to mitigate climate change are examined. Statistical analysis of sustainability innovations in the 28 European Union countries indicates that the types of success factors in governance experiments differ from those of product and social experiments. Governance experimentation is more positioned within socio-technical regimes than in strategic niches. These results suggest that governance experiments may indeed provide new transition opportunities towards low-carbon societies.     

基于低碳出行方式的南京市本地居民景点可达性研究

以南京市为研究区,选取22个3A级及以上旅游景点,基于ArcGIS平台可达性计算的网络分析与栅格分析方法,分析了在步行+共享单车+地铁新型低碳出行方式之下,现阶段和地铁第二期建设完成阶段居民到达旅游景点的最短时间与平均时间以及变化情况,发现二期地铁的建设使旅游景点的平均时间可达性减少了3.96 min;现状地铁下有8个旅游景点可达性较好,14个一般,二期地铁建设完成后,将有16个景点可达性较好,6个一般;老城区内居民前往景区的平均时间可达性内部差异小,栖霞区、江宁区、雨花台区、浦口区内部差异大;有62.87%的区域在二期地铁的建设下可达性变化在5 min之内,可达性变化大的区域基本与二期新增地铁线路经过的区域一致。     

Exploring the Adaptation-mitigation Relationship: Does Information on the Costs of Adapting to Climate Change Influence Support for Mitigation?

Can information about adaptation costs influence citizens’ willingness to support climate change mitigation? Some scholars are concerned that policy discussions on adaptation might present climate change as a more manageable problem, and therefore crowd out mitigation efforts. On the other hand, providing information on adaptation costs may sensitize citizens to these costs, thereby increasing their willingness to support mitigation. To assess these conflicting predictions, we fielded a web-based survey experiment using a sample of 2,000 US-based respondents. We presented the respondents with a hypothetical newspaper article regarding a proposed gasoline tax (a mitigation strategy) and measured the support for this proposal across different treatment groups. In the control group, the respondents were told that failure to mitigate climate change could result in a potentially catastrophic outcome, whereas in each of the treatment groups the respondents were provided with information concerning possible adaptation costs. The respondents were then asked about their willingness to support a gasoline tax. Our key finding is that the provision of information about adaptation costs leads to a small increase in the respondents’ willingness to support mitigation efforts. Furthermore, we find that this effect becomes larger when the information regarding adaptation costs is made more specific.     

Turbulent Ventilation of a Street Canyon

A selection of turbulence data corresponding to 185 days of field measurements has been analysed. The non-ideal building geometry influenced the circulation patterns in the street canyon and the largest average vertical velocities were observed in the wake of an unbroken line of buildings. The standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations normalised by the ambient wind speed was relatively insensitive to ambient wind direction and sensor position, and it was usually larger than the corresponding 1-hour average velocity. Cross-correlations of spatially separated velocity measurements were small, and this suggests that most of the velocity fluctuations were fairly local and not caused by unsteady street vortices. The observed velocities scaled with the ambient wind speed except under low-wind conditions.     

鹤壁矿区煤矸石淋滤实验研究

对鹤壁煤矿区第10矿煤矸石进行连续淋溶试验,模拟煤矸石矿井填充后对地下水环境的影响.测定pH值、电导率、F-、总硬度、Zn、Mn、Cr6 、Cd、Cu和Pb等项目,实验结果表明,煤矸石淋出液中F-和Cr6 超标,Mn接近标准,pH值偏高,对地下水环境存在一定影响.其他各元素含量甚微,多未检出.     

水葱湿地对泰达景观河道水质净化特性研究

通过水葱湿地对天津泰达景观河道水体污染物去除的室内试验研究,考察了不同污染物的去除情况。COD的去除率20.38%～40.25%;TN的去除率为39.78%～68.16%、NH3-N的去除率为53.94%～76.71%、NO3--N的去除率为39.78%～74.41%、TP的去除率为81.29%～88.27%、PO4-P的去除率为82.76%～89.61%以及TD(S先上升后下降)、pH(由8.25下降到7.30)变化情况.。在此基础上,得出了通过种植水葱,对泰达景观河道水体污染物去除效果是明显的,同时为防治泰达再生水景观河道水体富营养化的发生发展提供理论依据和技术指导。     

北京地区壤土对柴油的吸附作用研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了北京地区壤土对柴油的吸附行为,考察了温度、溶液pH值、土壤有机质含量和粘土的矿物组成对柴油吸附的影响.结果表明,4种土样对柴油的吸附等温线均较好地符合Langmuir吸附模式,其吸附能力的大小顺序为:轻壤土＞中壤土＞砂壤土＞重壤土;温度和溶液pH值的升高,不利于柴油的吸附,温度从10℃升高到30℃,柴油的饱和吸附量从833 3 μg·g-1降低到263.2 μg·g-1,pH值从4升高到10,柴油在重壤土、轻壤土、中壤土和砂壤土中的吸附量分别从1012μg·g-1、1800 μg·g-1、1377μg·g-1和1272μg·g-1降低到114μg·g-1、236μg·g-1、163 μg·g-1和150μg·g-1;柴油的吸附量随土壤有机质含量的升高而增大,且两者具有线性关系;柴油的吸附量与蒙脱石含量具有线性正相关关系,说明粘土中蒙脱石含量对吸附量的影响较大.     

城市旅游区降雨径流污染特征——以武汉动物园为例

选择武汉动物园旅游区具有代表性的5种汇水单元,对降雨径流水质水量进行了同步监测,研究了城市旅游区降雨径流污染过程,对比了裸露林地、草地林地、兽类泥土场院、禽类泥土场院及屋顶这5种汇水单元的年降雨径流污染物平均浓度,并计算了污染物的年污染负荷.研究结果表明,透水地表的水土流失是其降雨径流污染的主要原因,室外动物展览馆中动物排泄物在地面累积使场馆径流受到严重污染.城市旅游区中颗粒态是N、P污染物输出的主要形态.各汇水单元中,TN、DN、TP、DP、COD、SS的年污染负荷最高值分别为165、31.2、22.5、1.03、2216、8571 kg·hm-2·a-1.城市旅游区的土地景观利用方式是影响污染物输出的首要原因.