鄂州市蔬菜地土壤重金属污染评价

为了解鄂州市蔬菜地重金属的污染状况,对鄂州市蔬菜地土壤进行采样,并对其重金属铜、铅、镉、铬、汞、砷含量进行测定。利用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其进行分析和评价,其中土壤重金属元素单因子污染指数(Pi)由大到小的顺序为:铜(Cu)>汞(Hg)>铬(Cr)>砷(As)>铅(Pb)>镉(Cd)。其中铜、汞、铬、砷属于中度污染,铅、镉处于警戒线中。内梅罗综合污染指数法表明鄂州蔬菜地土壤整体受到了轻度的重金属污染.     

湖南长沙市土壤重金属污染调查与评价

对长沙市各地区及不同土壤类型重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染现状进行了调查和分析。结果表明:长沙市土壤重金属含量在各片区内及片区间差异都较大,说明点污染源有较大影响;长沙市暮云镇、三叉叽、桐梓坡、月亮岛属重污染,五一路属中度污染,其它地区属轻度污染;长沙市土壤Cd元素污染十分突出,全市单项污染指数79.9,属重污染。     

北部湾海域江豚体内重金属含量及分布

应用原子吸收分光光度计对北部湾海域江豚的肌肉、脂肪、肝脏、胰脏、心脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃和肠管道等器官组织样品中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、 Fe、Mn、Hg和As的含量进行测定,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,江豚体内各器官组织中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Fe、Mn、Hg和As的平均含量分别为(0.05～37.9)×10-6、(6.20～101.9 )×10-6、(24.38～181.5) ×10-6、(ND～1.85) ×10-6、(10.60～13.35)×10-6、(1.68～3.15)×10-6、(111.45～1413.8)×10-6、(0.35～12.43)×10-6、(0.21～34.36)×10-6和(0.28～3.81)×10-6(干重).江豚体内重金属含量高低的基本趋势是Fe>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd>Mn> Hg>As>Pb.肝、肾脏等内脏器官中的重金属含量普遍高于肌肉及脂肪组织中的含量;胃组织中没有测出Pb的存在.与渤海和黄海江豚比较,北海湾海域江豚体内各种重金属的含量介于渤海和黄海江豚之间,说明该地区海域已受到重金属污染.     

膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附及其它金属离子对Cu^2＋的竞争吸附

膨润土对重金属铜的吸附随铜离子浓度的增加先快迭增长而后趋于缓慢最后达成平衡。饱和吸附量为34．10mg·g^-1。Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和Temkin方程均能拟舍实验结果,但Temkin方程拟合为最佳。pH是影响膨润土对Cu^2＋吸附的主要因素。低pH值不利于膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附。引入竞争离子,膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附量明显降低。Ph^2＋、Cd^2＋、Ni^2＋对Cu^2＋的吸附产生不同程度的竞争作用,其竞争力为Pb^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Ni^2＋。在竞争离子存在的情况下,Cu^2＋的吸附依然遵守等温吸附模型。饱和吸附量从34．10mg·g^-1下降到16．93mg·g^-1（Pb^2＋）、19．21mg·g^-1（Cd^2＋）、26．08mg·g^-1（Ni^2＋）。     

Batch studies of adsorption of copper and lead on activated carbon from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Bark

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. bark was tested for its adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ). The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature. The best adsorption of both Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) occurred at pH 5, where the adsorption reached equilibrium within 45 min for the whole range of initial heavy metal concentrations (0.1-10 mmol/L). The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-...     

Treatment of tunnel wash waters – experiments with organic sorbent materials. Part II: Removal of toxic metals

In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...     

Toxic effects of fluoranthene and copper on marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

To investigate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals on the population reproduction,antioxidative defense system and cell ultrastructure of the marine diatom,fluoranthene and Cu2+ were selected to test their toxicity to Phaeodactylum tricorntum,in the laboratory.The results indicated that both fluoranthene and Cu2+ inhibited population reproduction of P.tricorntum.When the algal cells were exposed to fluoranthene or Cu2+ for 72 h,ultrastructure damage in the cells was observed un...     

Damage to DNA of effective microorganisms by heavy metals: Impact on wastewater treatment

The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+, Pb2+,and Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,and Zn2+ on COD degradin...     

苏南地区航道底泥重金属污染评价和处置对策

对苏南地区六条航道底泥中重金属镉、汞、铜、锌、铅的污染现状进行了调查和评价。结果表明各航道底泥中重金属除铅以外 ,含量均超过《土壤环境质量标准》中的二级标准 ,其中镉的污染最为严重。底泥的总体环境质量为 :重污染断面占 4 4.8% ,中污染断面占 37.9% ,轻污染和未污染断面分别占 1 0 .3%和 6.9%。根据评价结果 ,提出底泥处置的对策措施     

脉动跟踪除尘技术的应用研究

针对粉粒状物料在散装发送过程中 ,容易引起粉尘飞扬的问题 ,利用现代脉动跟踪技术和表面过滤技术 ,设计研制的除尘系统 ,始终将吸尘罩与料堆扬尘点的动态相对位置控制在合理的范围内 ,实现了粉粒状物流连续自动的、环保高效作用