水盐环境对黄河口淡水湿地土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征的影响

碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)是土壤重要的营养元素,其生态化学计量特征可以反映土壤供肥能力和质量状况,在揭示生态系统稳态机制中具有重要作用.水盐环境对河口湿地生态化学计量特征具有重要影响,但土壤C、 N、 P生态化学计量特征对水盐环境变化的响应仍不清楚.以黄河口湿地为研究对象,采用土柱移位培养法,将淡水湿地土壤分别移位至不同潮滩部位(高潮滩、中潮滩和低潮滩)的盐沼湿地,研究水盐环境对C、 N、 P生态化学计量特征的影响.结果表明,移位23个月后,淡水湿地土壤含水量(SWC)和电导率(EC)与C、 N、 P生态化学计量特征均发生了不同程度的变化.土壤SWC在高潮滩和中潮滩降低(P<0.05),在低潮滩升高(P<0.05); EC在3种潮滩上均有不同程度的升高(P<0.05).土壤有机碳(TOC)和全氮(TN)在高潮滩显著降低(P<0.05),全磷(TP)则在中潮滩和高潮滩显著降低(P<0.05); C∶N在高潮滩和中潮滩及C∶P和N∶P在高潮滩显著降低(P<0.05); C、 N、 P生态化学计量比在低潮滩变化均不显著(P>0.05).水盐环境主要...     

成都市雾霾期间气象要素与环境空气质量状况的对比分析

成都市2013年1月8日～ 20日期间出现了大范围的连续雾霾天气,环境空气质量持续超标.本文收集了该时间段连续5年的地面气象观测资料及环境空气质量数据,通过统计、对比等方式对其变化规律进行了初步分析,为雾霾的成因分析和大气污染控制提供参考.     

基于环境磁学响应监测林地土壤中金属元素

采集并测试广州市林地土壤样品600余组,分析土壤中As、Cr、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和磁学性质的相关性。结果表明：土壤磁性颗粒以软磁性矿物为主,北部以超顺磁、多畴颗粒为主,南部以单畴、多畴颗粒为主。相关性分析表明：北部Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd与较粗的磁性颗粒共存,Cd与软磁性矿物共存,As与超顺磁颗粒共存且为自然源;南部相关关系不显著,Ni和As来源为人为源;不同污染程度土壤回归方程相关系数均较好,南部深〖CD*2〗浅层回归方程证明上述8种元素和磁性相关性不受自然来源或人类活动影响。     

Concentrations and modes of occurrence of trace elements in the Late Permian coals from the Puan Coalfield, southwestern Guizhou, China

The concentration, mode of occurrence, and origin of trace elements in the Late Permian coals from the Puan Coalfield, southwestern Guizhou, China, were examined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), ion-selective electrode method (ISE), sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and optical microscope. Results show that minerals in the No. 2 Coal from the Puan Coalfield were mainly made up of epigenetic pyrite of low-temperature hydrothermal fluid origin and kaolinite of detrital terrigenous origin. Elements including As (36.9 μg/g), Cd (10.2 μg/g), Cr (167.3 μg/g), Cu (365.4 μg/g), Hg (2.82 μg/g), Mo (92.6 μg/g), Ni (82.6 μg/g), Pb (184.6 μg/g), Se (6.23 μg/g), Zn (242.3 μg/g), and U (132.7 μg/g) are significantly enriched in the No. 2 Coal from the Puan Coalfield. However, concentrations of trace elements in the other four coals, the No. 1, No. 8, No. 11, and No. 18 Coals, were close to the usual ranges found for Guizhou of China, China, and USA. Results of SEM-EDX and SCEP showed that As, Cd, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn occur mainly in veined pyrite, while Cr, Cu, and U distribute mainly in kaolinite, indicating that the low-temperature hydrothermal fluid and detrital materials of terrigenous origin are the main contributors to the enrichment of these trace elements in the No. 2 Coal.     

大石桥地区与镁相关元素的相互关系及其影响因素

大石桥地区以丰富的菱镁矿资源而著称,但资源的开采也给当地生态环境带来负面的影响.以大石桥地区为研究背景,分析研究菱镁矿开采对当地地球化学环境造成的影响.采用数学统计和相关分析方法研究10种元素在不同生态环境因子中的相互关系及土壤试样中的含量变化曲线;重点分析了9种元素在土壤中的相互关系及其制约因素.结果表明,大石桥地区的菱镁矿开采严重影响了研究区域内的地球化学环境以及各种金属非金属元素在不同生态环境因子中的含量;Mg在土壤中的含量变化会不同程度地影响土壤对其他金属非金属元素的吸收;土壤中一部分地球化学性质相近元素的相关性并没有达到显著水平;元素在土壤环境中的相互关系与其外部环境有一定的关系.镁元素对动植物而言是不可缺少的常量元素,但高镁环境不利于动植物正常的生长发育,威胁到了人类健康,容易产生一些地方性疾病.     

Sorption of As, Cd and Tl as influenced by industrial by-products applied to an acidic soil: equilibrium and kinetic experiments

In situ stabilization of toxic elements in contaminated soils by the addition of amendments is being considered as an effective technique for remediation. In this paper, we performed both kinetics and equilibrium-based sorption experiments of three toxic elements (As, Cd and Tl) in soils amended with two by-products (phosphogypsum and sugar foam, rich in gypsum and calcium carbonate, respectively) to ascertain the feasibility of their application for improving the sorption capacity of As, Cd and Tl from the soil at 25, 35 and 50 °C. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption follows a pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and the sorption is a two-step diffusion process where both film and intraparticle diffusion played important roles in the sorption mechanisms of the elements. The Langmuir isotherms applied for sorption studies showed that the estimated maximum sorption capacity of the elements in control and amended soils decreased in the order of Cd > As > Tl. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters obtained at different temperatures, the thermodynamic constants of sorption (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were also evaluated, indicating spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process, except Tl which was exothermic. An optimal scaling procedure was undertaken to determine the relationships between the kinetic and equilibrium sorption parameters. By means of statistical analysis it was seen that these inter-parametric relationships are dependent on the element nature.     

韩城燎原矿11#煤中微量元素的分布规律和赋存状态

通过对韩城燎原矿的11^#煤不同深度的煤样中的微量元素P、U、Ge和Ga进行分析,发现为11^#煤低磷煤;煤中U和Ga的含量均低于地壳中的平均含量,只有Ge含量略高于地壳中的平均含量。计算了这些微量元素与三态硫、灰分和挥发分的相关关系。结果表明Ga在煤中主要以无机态存在。P在煤中可能大部分以有机态存在,小部分以无机态存在。U与Ge在煤中可能主要以有机态存在,以无机态存在的可能性较小。     

EPA SW-846方法研究的十一个要素及启示

文章介绍了美国环保局(EPA)固体废物办公室对开展新方法研究工作的程序规定,着重阐述了方法研究所要遵循的十一个要素的内容。对于我国的方法研究工作具有一定的启示作用。     

哈药污泥的化学组成及农田应用安全性研究

通过对哈药总厂污水处理车间排放的污泥进行化学成分及施入土壤后重金属元素在土壤及水稻子粒中残留的分析,探讨该污泥能否应用于农田及适宜的用量.试验结果表明,污泥中有机质含量高,达800mg/kg,全氮含量达7%左右.重金属元素含量均明显低于农用污泥中污染控制标准值.大剂量施入土壤后,子粒中重金属元素的残留量与常规施肥无明显差异.随污泥用量的增加,土壤中有机质的含量明显提高,重金属元素除汞和锌有较大幅度提高外,其他元素差异不大.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。