赣南富稀土矿区农田土壤中稀土元素的环境化学特征

选择江西赣县大田稀土矿区,研究了矿区耕作农田土壤中稀土元素的含量、分布及赋存形态特征。结果表明,该区土壤中稀土元素含量明显高于对照区和全国土壤平均含量,且相对富含重稀土元素。土壤中稀土元素的分布模式受成土母岩及元素性质控制,呈现Eu和Ce负异常。稀土元素主要以可交换态和有机结合态（特别是松结有机态）形式存在,具有较高的活性和生物有效性,可能影响生态环境安全。     

北京市大气气溶胶中金属元素的粒径分布和垂直分布

于2004年9月分别在北京325m气象塔的8m,80m和240m处利用Andersen分级采样器同步进行了大气气溶胶采样.样品中金属元素用电感耦合等离子体/质谱仪(ICP/MS)进行了分析.结果表明,Ca,Fe,Al,Mg,Ba,Sr和Zr在3.3-5.8μm的粒径范围出现峰值,K,Pb,As和Cd在0.65-1.1μm的粒径范围出现峰值,Zn,Sn,Cu和Ni在0.65-1.1μm和3.3-5.8μm的粒径范围出现双峰; Na,Mn,V在各粒径分布比较均匀.Al,Ca,Fe和Mg等地壳元素的浓度在80m处达到最大值,K,Pb和As等污染源排放的元素的浓度垂直分布比较均匀.     

外源稀土在土壤中的形态转化研究

研究了外源可溶性稀土进入土壤后的形态分布及形态转化的时间进程。外源稀土进入土壤（华北潮土）后迅速向各个形态转化,实验进行了６０ｄ,稀土形态在此期间的变化结果表明：交换态迅速下降;碳酸盐结合态的变化情况与交换态基本相同,只是下降的幅度较交换态小;铁锰氧化物结合态生微弱地上升,然后逐步下降;有机结合态则先稳定再逐步升高,外源稀土可在此态积累;残渣态在实验期内基本稳定,无明显变化。     

Lead-induced alterations in protein-deficient rat liver–role of zinc

This study was designed to determine the protective effects of zinc (Zn) using liver marker enzymes in the serum and liver along with hepatic elemental profile in lead (Pb)-treated protein-deficient (PD) Sprague–Dawley male rats. Zn in the form of zinc sulfate at a dose of 227?mg?L^?1 in drinking water was administrated to control, PD as well as Pb-treated PD rats for 8 weeks. Pb treatment was given orally as lead acetate at a dose level of 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight to control and PD rats. The effects of different treatments were studied on the activities of enzymes that included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The status of different elements (Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Pb) in liver was also studied. Rats given PD diet and Pb showed significant inhibition in serum ALP activity associated with significant elevation in both AST and ALT activities. Serum ALP activity showed a significant inhibition week 1 until week 8 in Pb-treated PD rats. In contrast, serum AST activity was elevated both at 3 and 8 weeks while serum ALT activity was elevated at 8 weeks in Pb-treated PD rats. Pb treatment to PD rats elevated hepatic ALP, AST and ALT activities but depressed hepatic AST. Zn supplementation to Pb-treated PD rats restored the altered enzyme activities. The levels of K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Rb were altered in protein deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with Pb to these animals depressed the Cu levels. Zn treatment to Pb-treated PD animals tended to restore the levels of altered elements. Hence, the present study clearly suggests that Zn plays an important role in regulating the liver marker enzymes and essential elements under conditions of Pb toxicity and protein deficiency.     

土壤锌、铜、铁、锰形态区分方法的选择

用化学连续提取的方法将土壤中的锌、铜、铁、锰依结合状态区分为交换态、碳酸盐结合态(石灰性土壤)、氧化锰结合态、有机结合态、无定形氧化铁结合态、晶形氧化铁结合态和硅铝酸盐矿物态.初步认为选定的形态及提取方法适于土壤中锌、铜、铁、锰等元素的研究.     

表生稀土矿区土壤中稀土元素的吸附特征

研究了赣南典型表生稀土矿区土壤中稀土元素的吸附特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明，稀土元素（Ｌａ，Ｙｂ）的吸附过程符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ和Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｅｃｈ等温方程，稀土绵吸附以可交换吸附为主，ＰＨ值是影响土壤中稀土元素吸附的极重要因素，随着ＰＨ值的增加，稀土吸附量增加，土壤去除有机质后，对稀土的吸附量下降约７．６％；去游离氧化铁后，稀土元素的吸附量增长７．４％，不同阴离子条件下，土壤对稀土元素的吸附     

La3+、Yb3+在土壤和矿物中的吸附特征及其环境意义

实验研究了轻稀土镧离子Ｌａ~３＋和重稀土镱离子Ｙｂ~３＋在赣南稀上矿区的土壤及风化次生矿物中的吸附特性，结果表明，土壤和矿物对稀土元素的吸附过程符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ和Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附方程，ｐＨ值是影响吸附作用的主要因素。随着ｐＨ值的变化，Ｌａ~３＋和Ｙｂ~３＋在土壤和次生矿物上的吸附能力也发生变化。Ｌａ~３＋与Ｙｂ~３＋在土壤和次生矿物中的吸附等势点ｐＨ值分别为６．２６和５．２８．在等势点ｐＨ值以下，Ｌａ~３＋的吸附势大于Ｙｂ~３＋；在等势点ｐＨ值以上，Ｙｂ~３＋的吸附势相对较高。土壤和次生矿物对轻、重稀土元素的吸附特征以及对稀士元素的分布、分异、成矿和生态效应具有重要意义。     

Factors affecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County,Yunnan Province,South-West China.The area was divided into three different geomorphological units:specifically,mountain (M),transition (T) and lacustrine (L).Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg),Cd (0.89 mg/kg),Cu (129.2 mg/kg),and Zn (97.0 mg/kg).Strong significant relationships between trace element con...     

厦门市降水中金属元素含量分布特征及来源解析

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对厦门市雨水中包括稀土元素在内的41种金属元素含量及铅同位素比值进行测定,并通过富集因子法、同位素示踪法以及正定矩阵分解法(PMF)联用对其来源进行判定.结果表明,厦门市雨水中金属元素总质量浓度表现为冬季郊区(213. 964μg·L~(-1))冬季城区(176. 357μg·L~(-1))夏季郊区(75. 401μg·L~(-1)),其中,以Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ba和Sr为主.稀土元素含量存在季节和区域间差异,其标准化配分模式与各潜在源均不一致,表明其来源相对复杂.富集因子分析表明Ni、Cu、Zn和Cd受人为源影响显著,而Be、Ti、V、Mn、Cr、Co、Ga、Rb、Y、Cs、REEs、Th和U受到自然源影响更大;铅同位素示踪结果表明降雨中铅受燃煤源影响较大,其贡献率为63. 67%,受土壤母质层、垃圾焚烧、机动车尾气和水泥尘共同影响的贡献率为36. 33%. PMF结合富集因子、同位素示踪法分析结果表明,降雨中元素总体受到燃煤源、自然源、工业源和交通源的共同影响.     

道路扬尘PM2.5中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

为了分析和比较城市和公园道路扬尘(RDPRD)中PM_(2.5)载带的部分金属元素的污染特征及其健康风险,本文利用再悬浮系统将道路扬尘中粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒物悬浮至滤膜上,分析了PM_(2.5)中载带的Na、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Sb、Zn、Cd和Pb等元素.结果显示,城市道路扬尘中Cu和Sb的平均含量为626 mg·kg~(-1)和23 mg·kg~(-1),明显高于公园道路扬尘(274 mg·kg~(-1)和11 mg·kg~(-1)),表明RD中Cu和Sb的含量可能受到非尾气(刹车磨损)排放的影响;地累计指数(I_(geo))分析显示,RD和PRD中Cd达到强到极强污染程度(4I_(geo)5),Cu、Sb、Zn和Pb为强或中到强污染程度(2I_(geo)4),Ni和Mn为未受污染到中度污染(I_(geo)1).RD和PRD中的Cu、Ni、Sb、Zn、Cd和Pb尚不存在非致癌风险,Ni和Cd的终生致癌风险小于10~(-6),无致癌风险.