污灌区地下水中有机污染物的分离鉴定与致突变活性研究

应用XAD系列大孔网状树脂萃取富集法,结合GC、GC/MS/DS1的分离鉴定技术,研究了北京东郊污灌区深层(90m)和浅层(18m)地下水中的有机污染物。采用LSC-GC/MS/DS装置测定了地下水中的挥发性有机物,并对水样进行了Ames试验以检验水样的致突变活性。结果从深井水样中检出32种非挥发性有机物,未检出挥发性有机物,致突变试验阴性。浅井水样中同时检出非挥发性和挥发性有机物。两种菌株在所有试验条件下均呈现阳性致突变反应。     

磷钨酸表面修饰TiO2光催化降解空气污染物

 以磷钨酸水溶液湿法浸渍表面修饰TiO₂制备了磷钨酸/二氧化钛复合催化剂,并进行了H₂-TPR、BET比表面、TG-DTA、FTIR、UV-vis表征.以含甲醛、丙酮的模拟污染空气,研究其在复合光催化剂作用下的光催化降解行为.结果表明,修饰剂磷钨酸含量为21.9%时,光催化降解甲醛的效果最佳;该反应随修饰剂磷钨酸含量的增加,甲醛的部分还原产物甲醇含量增加,说明HPW与TiO₂产生了明显的协同作用,改变了TiO₂光催化反应历程,由此推导出可能的反应机理;修饰剂磷钨酸含量为21.9%时,光催化降解丙酮的效果也最好,去除率达到100%.     

Phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils

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黄河三门峡库区段水污染物排放总量控制研究

根据黄河水资源保护规划的要求，对黄河三门峡库区段水污染物允许排污总量进行计算，在此基础上采用黑箱模型，建立了区域排污与控制河段目标总量之间的输入响应关系，并根据允许入黄量确定对各污染源的排污控制要求，为实施区域环境总量控制奠定基础。     

环境污染系统的灰色投入产出模型

将投入产出模型与灰色理论结合起来，建立了以灰色预测为基础的环境污染系统灰色投入产出模型，探索了如何从污染物总量控制目标出发来规划和发展生产。     

天津污水海洋处置工程的可行性研究

本文对天津市２８个陆源污染物排海口进行调查分析，在天津海域进行了较大范围的实地监测取得了大量的有关潮汐、余流场、水位及各种污染物２场的资料，建立了多种水质模型。在此基础上结合天津近岸海域独特的地理位置及地形地貌进行经济、环境、效益的综合分析，为渤海典型海域实施污水海洋处置工程的可靠性提供了可借鉴的依据。     

应用GIS模拟城市大气污染物浓度分布

从点源大气污染扩散模型出发,借助GIS的栅格与数据库运算功能,结合自已设计的推算流程,对兰州市大气污染物SO2的空间分布情况进行了模拟。经检验,该方法能够较准确的反映出兰州大气污染物的空间分布特征,较应用实测值进行插值的方法简便,具有较好的应用前景。     

长江镇江段COD排放量控制的环境效益分析

在镇江金东造纸工程环境影响评价中，提出了长江镇江段全江段ＣＯＤ排放量控制方案，通过模式进行分段定量计算，分析了工程实施所造成的环境损失和实施区域排放量控制所产生的环境效益。结果表明，拟用控制方案环境效益显著，其实施将明显改善内江江段和畅洲江段南汊的水环境质量；金东造纸工程选址合理，充分利用了大港江段水环境容量大的优势，其实施所造成的环境损失较小。考虑到污染负荷削减的环境效益，对我国实施污染物排放总量控制提出了４条建议。     

Acetochlor as a soil pollutant

Acetochlor is a widely used herbicide all over the world. Similarly to other organic pollutants, the environmental fate of the acetochlor is strongly related to its adsorption properties. Static adsorption equilibrium measurements were carried out at 25 degrees C on different types of Hungarian soils characterized by varying amounts of organic matter and pH values. Isotherms obtained under different conditions, as well as on various soils, exhibit a similar shape, thus indicating a two-step adsorption process. The plots cannot be interpreted according to the classes of isotherms suggested by Giles. The adsorption coefficients (K) were estimated from the initial slope of the curves. These values were determined not only by the type of the soil, but also by the composition of the aqueous media. The organic matter adsorption coefficients (Kom) were also calculated and they were approximately identical for soils of high organic matter. Due to the low value of the adsorption coefficients, the acetochlor is a rather mobile pollutant of the soil posing a potential danger to the aquatic environment. For soils with high organic content, the Kom values are similar to each other and, due to the significant coverage of the inorganic surfaces, the adsorption is controlled by the solute-organic substance interactions. The adsorption of weakly polar compounds, however, is remarkable even on those soils where the organic content is low. In this case, the binding is governed by the solute-inorganic surface interactions. This conclusion is nicely proved by the adsorption of the acetochlor on quartz. According to our hypothesis, the second part of the adsorption step is controlled by the solute-adsorbed solute interactions. The role of the organic matter in this region of the isotherm is probably negligible. As the organic matter content of the soils plays an important role in the acetochlor adsorption, humic substances must have a strong influence upon the transport of this compound. Experiments to obtain adsorption isotherms of further pesticides and the development of a quantitative model are in progress.     

水中有机成分及其对饮用水质的影响

微量有机污染物和氯化消毒副产物对饮用水构成直接威胁,是饮用水中要重点控制的;天然大分子有机物对水质构成间接影响,导致胶体稳定性提高、增加药耗;藻类和代谢产物影响常规处理工艺效果,对水质产生不良影响。