人G—CSF转基因鼠系与正常鼠系比较研究

利用人ＧＣＳＦ基因组基因和ｃＤＮＡ基因作为目的片段,将其受控于２．６ｋｂ的小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因的调控区下,通过显微注射法获得了两只整合有人ＧＣＳＦ转基因小鼠,通过繁殖建立了稳定的转基因系．一些表型参数测定表明,转基因鼠与正常鼠无明显差别,为对转基因动物进行安全性评价提供了依据     

用秀丽小杆线虫监测厦门岛海水水质

首次采用野生型秀丽小杆线虫( Caenorhabditis elegans )与带有HSP16启动子的转基因虫株分别对厦门岛附近5个站位的表层水样污染程度进行了监测,二者研究结果具有相关性,但采用转基因秀丽小杆线虫大大缩短了监测时间,提高了灵敏度.这是国内应用模式生物秀丽小杆线虫对环境及污染物的监测研究的首次报道.     

Metabolism of the14C-labeled herbicide clodinafop-propargyl in plant cell cultures of wheat and tobacco

The metabolism of ¹⁴C-clodinafop-propargyl (CfP) was examined in cell cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Heines Koga II’) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Besides the non-transgenic tobacco culture, cultures transformed separately with cDNA of human cytochrome P450-monooxygenases (P450s) CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 were examined. Experiments with wheat were executed in the presence and absence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl (CqM). After 48 h of incubation, only about 10% of applied ¹⁴C was found in media (both tobacco and wheat). Non-extractable residues of ¹⁴C-CfP in wheat cells were 16.54% (without CqM) and 30.87% (with CqM). In all tobacco cultures, 82.41–92.46% of applied radioactivity was recovered in cell extracts. In contrast to wheat, non-extractable residues amounted only to 1.50–2.82%. As determined by radio-thin layer chromatography (TLC) and -high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the parent CfP was not found in the cell extracts of wheat; in tobacco cell extracts, only traces of CfP were detected. After a hydrolysis of assumed carbohydrate conjugates of CfP derived polar ¹⁴C-labeled compounds, TLC and HPLC analysis showed that in wheat, a more complex pattern of metabolites of CfP were observed as compared to all tobacco cultures. In hydrolysates resulting from wheat, the identity of three primary products was confirmed by means of GC-EI-MS: free acid clodinafop (Cf), hydroxy-Cf hydroxylated at the pyridinyl moiety, and 4-(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)phenol. In hydrolysates derived from all tobacco cultures, main metabolite was Cf besides only traces of further unidentified products. Differences among the different tobacco cultures (non-transgenic, transgenic) did not emerge. According to kinetics of disappearance of primary metabolite Cf as well as formation of polar soluble products and non-extractable residues, metabolization of CfP proceeded at a noticeably higher rate in wheat cells treated with safener CqM than in cells without CqM treatment. Thus, these results indicated a stimulation of CfP's metabolism by CqM, although metabolic profiles observed in CqM treated and non-treated cells (after hydrolysis) were qualitatively similar. The findings obtained from all tobacco cultures suggested that with the exception of ester cleavage to Cf, CfP cannot be metabolized by tobacco itself or by the human P450s examined.     

灾害避难行为的模拟模型研究（II）——单人单房情况的避难模拟

在我们已建立的避难行为模拟的初步模型的基础上,为了检验该模拟模型的实用性,就单人单房避难情况进行了模拟。检验了常见的墙移动,随朵移动、大力向移动等３种避难行为模式的避难效果,文中给出了模拟过程中各种参数的计算和设定方法,模拟结果表明：在较宽阔的房层内避难时,触墙移动是最有效的避难途径,在对单人单房避难模拟进行总结的基础上,本文还探讨了上述模型中存在的主要问题及其进一步完善的可能性。     

灾害避难行为的模拟模型研究（I）——基本模型的建立与计算机实现

灾害避难行为的研究,不仅直接有助于建筑物内部构造的设计、物件的布局、避难诱导装置的设计,而且也是加强市民减灾意识培养的基础,考虑到灾害实验的危险性和避难行为的不可重复性,建立计算机模拟模型来探求避难行为的规律,已成为对其进行研究的最佳途径,本文重点介绍了避难行为模拟模型建立的原则,模型的构成,基本假设,并给出了计算机袂现的途径,为进一步为实例研究创造条件。     

转基因棉花基因花粉散布频率及距离的研究

选用从国外引进的和我国自己培育的Ｂｔ基因抗虫棉和转ｔｆｄ Ａ基因抗除草剂棉花,研究了外源Ｂｔ基因和ｔｆｄ Ａ基因向周围环境遗传漂流的频率和距离。结果表明：无论是我国自行培育的转基因棉花,还是从国外引进的转基因棉花;无论是转Ｂｔ基因棉花,还是转ｔｆｄ Ａ基因棉花,导入到棉株体内的外源基因均可向周围环境漂流,其最高漂流频率为１０．４８％,最远漂流距离可达５０ｍ。防止外源基因向周围环境扩散的最有效方法是     

转基因生物环境释放风险评估的原则和一般模式

风险评估是转基因生物环境释放依法管理的一项重要内容 ,也是生物安全研究的核心内容之一。本文在分析和比较国内外有关转基因生物风险评估方法的基础上 ,结合作者近年来对转基因生物风险评估的专题研究 ,对转基因生物环境释放风险评估的基本原则和一般模式进行了全面的描述。这种模式一般包括危险识别、风险估算和风险评价 3个连续过程 ,并可分解为 7个具体步骤     

我国主要农作物转基因逃逸生态风险的初步评价

转基因逃逸是伴随着工程作物释放的一种风险。本文首先分析了转基因逃逸的途径,并讨论了影响转基因逃逸的因素,对我国主要农作物中逃逸风险进行了初步评价,一些农作物中存在较大的转基因逃逸风险,最后探讨了避免和减小逃逸风险的措施。     

水稻OsGPCR基因的克隆及遗传转化分析

G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCR)基因家族是目前已知最大的膜受体超家族,参与生物的生长发育调控和激素应答.通过RT-PCR分离了水稻中一个具有7次跨膜(Seven transmembrane,7TM)结构域的OsGPCR候选基因;分析该基因启动子序列,发现它含有赤霉素GA应答相关元件.为分析其功能,分别构建OsGPCR过表达和RNA干涉载体,并通过农杆菌介导法转化获得转基因水稻植株.实验结果表明,较之野生型,过表达转基因植株对赤霉素反应更敏感,RNA干涉植株则反之.     

秀丽线虫转基因品系在环境暴露评价与毒理学研究中的应用

目前,模式动物秀丽线虫已被广泛应用于环境暴露评价和环境毒理学研究中.在系统介绍了各种秀丽线虫转基因品系在环境暴露与毒性评价以及环境毒理研究中的应用进展基础上,分析了秀丽线虫转基因品系在环境暴露与毒性评价研究中的灵敏性与直观性的特点.最后,讨论了秀丽线虫转基因品系在环境暴露与毒性评价以及环境毒理研究中尚存在的问题和可能的...