转Bt水稻土壤微生物多样性对O3浓度升高的响应

利用中国农田开放式O3 浓度升高(O3-FACE)平台,于2010年和2011年对O3浓度升高和田间自然条件下转Bt基因水稻Bt汕优63(Bt-SY63)及其常规水稻汕优63(SY63)根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行了研究.结果表明, O3浓度升高使Bt-SY63和SY63水稻土壤微生物总体活性有降低的趋势, O3浓度升高未使两基因型水稻土壤微生物的丰富度、优势度和均一度发生显著变化. O3浓度升高显著地改变了Bt-SY63土壤微生物碳源基质的利用方式,使其土壤微生物由对糖类及其衍生物具有较强的利用能力转向对代谢中产物和次生代谢物具有较强的利用能力,而对SY63土壤微生物碳源基质的利用没有显著影响.因此,从稻田土壤微生物群落对O3浓度升高的不同响应来看,Bt-SY63可能比SY63更敏感.     

Phosphorus accumulation by bacteria isolated from a ontinuous-flow two-sludge system

In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.     

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理制糖工业废水厌氧出水的除磷特性研究

制糖工业废水经厌氧生物处理后,COD大幅下降,但是出水中N、P含量仍然较高,严重破坏水体生态平衡.利用好氧颗粒污泥对制糖工业废水的厌氧出水进行脱氮除磷处理,讨论了其除磷过程.经复合底物(乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐)培养的好氧颗粒污泥直径1.7 mm,SVI为38.43 mL.g-1,TP去除率达90.9%,出水磷含量仅为1.3 mg.L-1,单位COD释磷率为0.571,厌氧条件下磷的释放速率达到5.73 mg.(g.h)-1,好氧颗粒污泥表现出较好的沉淀性能和较高的除磷活性.由于底物中丙酸盐、丁酸盐含量增加,使得聚磷菌在反硝化过程中NO3--N的利用率增加,即消耗单位质量的NO3--N可以吸收更多的磷.好氧颗粒污泥及其胞外聚合物中P元素的含量与其中Mg、Ca、Fe元素的含量表现出很高的相关性,胞外聚合物对P的吸附使得体系除磷能力进一步增强.通过对污泥反硝化除磷的研究发现,反硝化聚磷菌占总聚磷菌的61.9%,其吸磷量与消耗硝酸盐的比值[m(P)/m(NO3--N)]为1.14.