地铁沿线老旧房屋结构安全预警模型

为研究城市地铁沿线老旧房屋普遍存在结构安全问题,基于机器学习模型,选取房屋年份、楼层、面积等11个属性构建预警指标体系,采用SMOTE过采样、独热编码等方法解决样本离散化、不均衡的问题;利用KNN、Bayes、Logistic、SVM 4种机器学习模型对房屋结构安全数据学习并测试,综合应用Accuracy、F1、AP、...     

Clomazone dissipation, adsorption and translocation in four paddy topsoils

IntroductionClomazone,(2 [(2 chlorophenyl)methyl ] 4 ,4 dimethyl 3 isoxazolidinone) ,isasoil appliedisoxazolidinoneherbicideproducedbyFMCCorp .Itisintroducedforannualgrassandbroad spectrumweedsinsoybeans(Rani,1998;Vyas,2 0 0 0 ) .Itisalsocurrentlyregis…     

Identifying robust strategies for assisted migration in a competitive stochastic metacommunity

Assisted migration (AM) is the translocation of species beyond their historical range to locations that are expected to be more suitable under future climate change. However, a relocated population may fail to establish in its donor community if there is high uncertainty in decision-making, climate, and interactions with the recipient ecological community. To quantify the benefit to persistence and risk of establishment failure of AM under different management scenarios (e.g., choosing target species, proportion of population to relocate, and optimal location to relocate), we built a stochastic metacommunity model to simulate several species reproducing, dispersing, and competing on a temperature gradient as temperature increases over time. Without AM, the species were vulnerable to climate change when they had low population sizes, short dispersal, and strong poleward competition. When relocating species that exemplified these traits, AM increased the long-term persistence of the species most when relocating a fraction of the donor population, even if the remaining population was very small or rapidly declining. This suggests that leaving behind a fraction of the population could be a robust approach, allowing managers to repeat AM in case they move the species to the wrong place and at the wrong time, especially when it is difficult to identify a species’ optimal climate. We found that AM most benefitted species with low dispersal ability and least benefited species with narrow thermal tolerances, for which AM increased extinction risk on average. Although relocation did not affect the persistence of nontarget species in our simple competitive model, researchers will need to consider a more complete set of community interactions to comprehensively understand invasion potential.     

不同有机物料对水稻根表铁膜及砷镉吸收转运的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了油菜秸秆、蚕豆秸秆、泥炭、猪粪堆肥和生物炭这5种有机物料对贵州石灰岩黄壤区某砷（As）和镉（Cd）复合污染稻田土壤As/Cd有效性、水稻根表铁膜及As/Cd吸收转运的影响.结果表明,施用有机物料显著提高了有机质和水稻生物量;除油菜秸秆对土壤pH值影响不明显外,施用有机物料显著提高土壤pH值,使土壤有效Cd含量降低34.77%~82.69%;猪粪堆肥和生物炭使土壤有效As含量显著提高,油菜秸秆和泥炭处理使土壤有效As含量显著降低;施用有机物料有助于水稻根表铁膜的形成,并使其中Cd、As含量分别提高17.73%~151.03%和28.49%~94.86%,使水稻糙米Cd含量降低15.87%~79.45%,As含量降低27.04%~82.51%,降幅以生物炭处理最大;有机物料还显著降低Cd在根-茎-叶-籽粒的转运系数及As从茎向籽粒转运系数.相关分析表明,土壤pH、有效Cd和铁膜Cd含量是影响籽粒Cd累积的主要因素,土壤pH、有机质和铁膜As含量是影响籽粒As累积的主要因素.有机物料通过改变土壤pH、有机质含量及铁膜中As和Cd含量,影响水稻对As和Cd的吸收和转运.     

交通事故现场物证点线系列直角坐标测绘定位方法

为了研究满足交通事故现场记录图的技术性、证据性要求的交通事故现场测绘方 法,针对现有现场图定位方法的不足,重点从交通事故证据审查的视角,提出物证定位 观点,分析其技术构成并构建内容体系;在此基础上,依据技术标准基本要求,运用平面 坐标定位原理,以交通事故现场物证定位思想为基础,研究开发交通事故现场点线系列 直角坐标测绘定位方法及其具体应用技术。研究表明:物证定位是能够将现场元素定位 和现场道路定位协同考虑的一种交通事故现场物证固定技术,以其基本思想与原理可以 开发交通事故现场点线系列直角坐标测绘定位方法;该方法有多种变换方法可适用不同 情况的交通事故现场测绘;应用该方法绘制的现场记录图,可以满足现场记录图技术性 及证据性的双重要求。     

小麦根系菲与磷吸收及转运的相互作用

作物根系对多环芳烃(PAHs)与磷吸收及转运之间的相互作用研究对农产品的安全生产和PAHs污染环境植物修复的强化具有重要意义。为此,本文以菲为PAHs的代表,采用水培试验研究了不同磷、菲水平下小麦根系菲、磷吸收及其转运的效果,旨在揭示植物根系吸收PAHs与磷素的相互作用。结果表明,在0~1 200μmol·L~(-1)磷浓度范围内,小麦根系、茎叶菲含量在低磷浓度(10μmol·L~(-1))时最高,分别为36.87 mg·kg~(-1)和2.07 mg·kg~(-1);磷含量总体呈现随磷处理浓度的升高而增大的趋势;成对数据t-检验显示无论加菲与否,根系、茎叶磷含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。磷可促进菲从根部向地上部转运,而菲对磷转运没有显著性影响。在低磷浓度下(10μmol·L~(-1)),随着菲浓度的升高,小麦根系、茎叶菲含量呈现显著升高趋势(P0.05)。磷、菲共存处理介质pH升高幅度大于单一处理。     

光纤光栅(FBG)传感器在尾矿库在线监测中的应用

光纤光栅(FGB)传感器已经广泛应用于水利工程监测中,在尾矿库在线监测系统中的应用也在逐步增多。为提高某尾矿库在线监测系统的抗干扰和运行稳定性,某尾矿库在线监测系统工程采用以光纤光栅传感器作为主要采集设备。应用结果表明:光纤光栅传感设备的突出优点是运行稳定性好、抗干扰能力强,测量精度满足使用要求;明显不足是安装条件要求高,前期投入较高。     

Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their cadmium uptake and translocation

The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar （LCAC） has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg. kg-1 under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd- accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.     

Short-term influence of nutrient availability on the uptake and translocation of phenanthrene in mangrove seedlings

Abstract

The uptake and distribution of phenanthrene, a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in plant tissues of Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina and the relationship with nutrient (nitrate, ammonium, and soluble reactive phosphorus) availability were investigated. After 12?h of exposure, enhancements in the concentration of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus markedly decreased the residual level of phenanthrene in roots, while the addition of ammonium significantly increased the residual concentration. Due to the similar enzymatic degradation potential between treatment groups, the variation of phenanthrene concentration in mangrove roots may result from the H⁺/phenanthrene cotransport at the root surface that was influenced by nutrient uptake. Moreover, both nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus amendments significantly increased translocation of phenanthrene from roots to leaves, which likely resulted from the change of hydraulic conductivity in mangrove plants triggered by different nutrient availability.     

烟气脱硫设施运行及脱硫电价实时监控系统设计

由于缺乏有效监管手段,目前脱硫设施实际投运情况不理想。设计了一套B/S架构的烟气脱硫设施运行及脱硫电价实时监控系统,分为数据采集、数据通讯、数据处理及发布3个子系统。选择能全面反映脱硫设施运行状况的28个信号,采用"共享-分流"信号防伪采集技术进行采集,通过电力系统内载波电话拨号与无线GPRS两种通讯方式相互竞争、互为备用来实现可靠通讯,并经过软件防伪判别模块和统计运算后以WEB形式发布。数据以5m in的间隔实时刷新,且每小时更新脱硫投入率、脱硫电价款等报表数据。