Preliminary shotgun glycoproteome analysis of N-glycosylation sites in serum proteins of ricin-intoxicated rats

In this study, the variations of serum glycoproteins after exposure to ricin toxin (RT) in Wistar albino rats are reported. For glycopeptide enrichment, Microcon YM-3 centrifugal filter device capture and micro-liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization (ESI)–tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis were used; 74 trypsin-digested proteins were identified in the control group, and 58 in the RT-intoxication group. Additionally, 33 N-glycosides and 14 glycoproteins were identified in the control, and 50 and 21 in the RT-intoxication group.     

Determination of cobalt by air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction

Abstract

A rapid and selective technique for extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of cobalt in water and pharmaceutical samples by air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol is used as a complexing agent and 1-octanol as an extraction solvent. Parameters relevant for analytical effectivity, i.e. pH of sample solution, concentration of complexing agent, volume of extraction solvent, and number of extraction cycles are optimized using a Box–Behnken design. At optimum conditions, a dynamic linear range of 5–600?µg L^?1 is obtained, with a limit of detection of 1.2?µg L^?1. The method is used for determination of Co(II) in environmental water and pharmaceutical samples.     

Sea water quality monitoring in Rhodes and Cos (Greece)

During the years 1983–1986, a program aiming at monitoring water quality of the most crowded beaches, as well as assessing and minimizing pollution from certain land based sources was carried out in Rhodes and Cos. The program was directed towards inspections of treatment plants as well as laboratory analyses of treated effluents from large hotels. As a result, almost one in four hotels was obliged to construct a new treatment plant. In order to help personnel to improve plant efficiency through day‐to‐day maintenance a three day seminar was held in June 1985. Sea water quality parameters (total coliforms and E. coli) were found to be well below the limits set by E.E.C. directives.     

洞庭湖沉积物不同形态氮赋存特征及其释放风险

为了揭示湖泊沉积物中氮的空间分布特征及其释放风险,采用连续分级提取法研究了洞庭湖表层沉积物中EN(可交换态氮)、HN(酸解态氮)及NHN(非酸解态氮)的赋存特征;同时,结合BN(生物可利用态氮)的含量和释放通量的大小,探讨了各形态氮对BN的贡献及与释放通量的相关关系. 结果表明,受水动力和湖盆地形的影响,沉积物中各形态氮含量空间差异较大. 全湖w(TN)在735.91~2846.51mg/kg之间,平均值为1371.85mg/kg,东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖、洞庭湖出口w(TN)的平均值分别为1513.43、1173.14、1262.76和1363.31mg/kg. 从各形态氮含量占w(TN)的比例来看,w(HN)最高,平均占66.74%;其次是w(NHN),平均占21.46%;w(EN)最小,仅占11.80%. 东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖、洞庭湖出口w(BN)的平均值分别为189.31、170.16、152.87和139.51mg/kg,其值大小主要受w(EN)和w(HN)的影响. 东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖、洞庭湖出口沉积物中NH₄+-N释放通量的平均值分别为6.32、7.03、7.78和146.96mg/(m2·d),沉积物中NH₄+-N释放通量主要受EN控制,其中尤其受可交换态NH₄+-N的控制,而沉积物中的HN和TN尚不是影响沉积物氮释放的主要因素.      

洱海表层沉积物中总氮含量及氨氮的释放特征

通过现场调查和室内模拟试验,对洱海具有代表性的9个表层沉积物样品中w(TN)的分布特征以及沉积物中NH₄+-N释放动力学特征进行了研究. 结果表明,洱海表层沉积物中w(TN)在2.0844～6.5153g/kg之间,平均值为3.5378g/kg,北部西岸为高值区,南部(靠近大理市)为次高值区. 一级动力学模型可很好地拟合洱海表层沉积物NH₄+-N释放动力学特征,NH₄+-N最大释放量在0.1209～0.2810g/kg之间;释放主要集中在0~5min内,约占最大释放量的68%~83%;随后释放速率逐渐放缓,到120min后基本达到释放平衡.运用无限稀释法对沉积物NH₄+-N释放潜能进行测定表明,洱海沉积物NH₄+-N释放潜能在1.7001~3.5879 g/kg之间,在水土质量比约为2500时,NH₄+-N释放量达到最大,随后释放逐渐趋于平衡. 洱海沉积物NH₄+-N释放潜能及最大释放量均与其w(TN)呈显著正相关. 洱海沉积物中w(TN)与NH₄+-N释放潜能和最大释放量均高于长江中下游湖泊,具有较大的氮释放风险.      

Polychlorinated dibenzo p-dioxins and dibenzofurans emissions in a primary copper smelter in China

Metallurgical production is the largest polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) emission source in China. However, PCDD/F monitoring and research are rarely conducted on primary metallurgical production. In this study, a demonstration primary copper smelter in China was selected to investigate PCDD/F characteristics and control. Samples were collected from major PCDD/F release points in the smelter process (fly ashes and waste water sludge). Specific analysis of PCDD/F congeners was carried out using a high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The results showed that PCDD/Fs might be unintentionally produced in the primary copper smelter processes, with sample concentrations of 180–6110 pg/g dry wt; highly chlorinated PCDD/F homologues were predominant. The toxicity of all the samples was calculated to be 120 pg WHO TEQ/g, fly ashes from the refining process furnaces air pollution control device and sludge were hazardous waste with higher PCDD/F toxicity. Both precursor formation and de novo synthesis were found to contribute to PCDD/F formation in the smelter process. PCDD/F characteristics and formation were compared with reported secondary copper smelters. Life-cycle control of PCDD/F was proposed for retrofitting of this smelter and for similar plants in China's primary copper production sector, including control at the PCDD/F formation, removal and disposal stages.     

The Influence of Anthropogenic Contamination On Metals Release From Coastal Sediment Suspensions with Aerated Sea Water

The zinc, cadmium, copper and lead release from the uncontaminated and contaminated coastal sediments with aerated sea water was studied. the metals transfer to the dissolved forms was monitored during one-two months by differential pulse anodic voltammetry (DPASV). the sediments with different initial degree of contamination were sampled in the Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan around Vladivostok-the biggest city in Russian Far East. Sediment contamination by metals led to increased release to solution of zinc due to sulphide oxidation and cadmium on account of organic matter decomposition. the copper behaviour was complicated by strong binding with organic matter and enhancements of copper release can only be seen in sediment with a low organic matter content. Significant lead transfer to dissolved forms was not observed regardless of sediment contamination. the temperature affected the release of cadmium and copper through enhanced organic matter destruction. the dissolved metal fluxes from the sediment transformation are compared with metal fluxes towards bottom. Such comparisons show that second contamination by dissolved metals of the studied coastal environment may be important for cadmium only.     

Analyses of phenolic compounds occurring in olive oil mill wastewaters by GC–MS

Phenolic compounds in olive oil mill wastewaters were analysed by HRGC–MS after extracting the acidified solution with ethyl acetate and derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. Both simple and complex phenols were detected with the latter being the most abundant. 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), p-hydroxyphenyl ethanol (tyrosol), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (hydroxytyrosol) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl ethanol (homovanillyl alcohol) predominated among the simple phenols using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass selective detector.     

东湖、汤逊湖和梁子湖沉积物磷形态及pH对磷释放的影响

文章采用淡水沉积物中磷形态标准测试程序(SMT)研究了东湖、汤逊湖和梁子湖沉积物中磷的形态分布,并比较了不同pH条件下沉积物磷释放特征的差异性。结果表明:东湖沉积物总磷质量分数最高,平均值1.232 mg.g-1,其次为汤逊湖(0.762mg.g-1),梁子湖沉积物总磷质量分数最低(0.572 mg.g-1);3个湖泊上覆水总磷质量浓度也表现出类似的变化规律,线性相关性分析显示上覆水中总磷质量浓度与沉积物总磷质量分数显著正相关。东湖和梁子湖沉积物总磷中无机磷和有机磷所占比例较接近,汤逊湖无机磷所占比例远低于有机磷。不同湖泊之间磷形态的分布并没有一定的规律性,湖泊的地理分布以及人为因素可能是造成磷形态差异的主要因素。当pH为2.0~7.0时,3个湖泊沉积物中溶解性活性磷(SRP)释放量均呈先增加后减小的趋势;当pH为7.0~12.0时,SRP释放量呈增加趋势。相关分析结果表明,SRP的释放与有机质的质量分数无显著相关性。方差分析结果显示3个湖泊沉积物在黏粒和粉粒组成上均没有显著差异(P>0.1),表明实验样品的粒径组成不是造成各个湖泊间磷释放差异的原因。不同pH条件下,SRP释放量与沉积物总磷质量分数显著正相关;酸性环境下,SRP释放量与酸式磷(HCl-P)的相关性优于碱式磷(NaOH-P),碱性环境下则刚好相反。