秦皇岛市环境噪声变化趋势分析与防治对策

以秦皇岛市2001-2010年的噪声监测资料为依据,通过对环境噪声变化趋势的分析,发现秦皇岛市环境噪声源主要为社会生活噪声、交通噪声、工业噪声,并提出了相关防治对策。     

我国废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业发展探讨

近年来,作为我国工业经济的一支新军—废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业正在持续快速发展,私营工业企业是该行业的主力军。《循环经济促进法》和相关政策法规的进一步实施,为该行业注入了新的生机活力,加快自主创新,提高资源综合利用水平,是该行业发展的主流。     

Nonstationarity: Flood Magnification and Recurrence Reduction Factors in the United States1

Vogel, Richard M., Chad Yaindl, and Meghan Walter, 2011. Nonstationarity: Flood Magnification and Recurrence Reduction Factors in the United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):464‐474. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00541.x Abstract: It may no longer be reasonable to model streamflow as a stationary process, yet nearly all existing water resource planning methods assume that historical streamflows will remain unchanged in the future. In the few instances when trends in extreme events have been considered, most recent work has focused on the influence of climate change, alone. This study takes a different approach by exploring trends in floods in watersheds which are subject to a very broad range of anthropogenic influences, not limited to climate change. A simple statistical model is developed which can both mimic observed flood trends as well as the frequency of floods in a nonstationary world. This model is used to explore a range of flood planning issues in a nonstationary world. A decadal flood magnification factor is defined as the ratio of the T‐year flood in a decade to the T‐year flood today. Using historical flood data across the United States we obtain flood magnification factors in excess of 2‐5 for many regions of the United States, particularly those regions with higher population densities. Similarly, we compute recurrence reduction factors which indicate that what is now considered the 100‐year flood, may become much more common in many watersheds. Nonstationarity in floods can result from a variety of anthropogenic processes including changes in land use, climate, and water use, with likely interactions among those processes making it very difficult to attribute trends to a particular cause.     

Agricultural Lakes in Finland: Current Water Quality and Trends

Agriculture is the largest source of nutrients into surface waters in Finland, and yet relatively little is known about the actual impact of the agricultural load on the state of lakes. We analysed the water quality data of 20 Finnish agricultural lakes and found that they had higher levels of nutrients, chlorophyll a and turbidity than did the other types of lakes (e.g. those receiving point-source load) in the national monitoring network (the Finnish Eurowaternet). Currently, six of the agricultural lakes can be classified as eutrophic and 14 as hypertrophic. Trend analysis (based on Kendall's tau-b) indicated that during 1976–2002 the water quality of the lakes either remained constant or showed signs of increasing eutrophication and elevated turbidity. Decreasing nutrient concentrations were found only in one intensively restored lake. In none of the lakes had the chlorophyll a concentration decreased. The results of the trend analysis are compatible with the recent finding that, despite vigorous efforts, the nutrient load from agriculture has not declined in Finland. Recovery of the most eutrophied agricultural lakes would call for a drastic reduction in the external nutrient load, possibly supplemented with in-lake restoration.     

Evaluation of the Trend of Air Quality in Taipei, Taiwan from 1994 to 2003

The data collected from the five air quality monitoring stations established by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) in Taipei City were analyzed to assess the changes in air quality. The analyses reveal that the air quality in Taipei City improved over the last decade from 1994 to 2003, as evidenced by the significant downward trends of the various primary air pollutant concentrations, such as CO, NO_X, SO₂, and PM₁₀. An air pollution fee was collected by TEPA in 1995, and several air pollution control measures were likewise taken to improve the air quality in Taiwan. However, although the extreme daily maximum O₃ concentrations occurred more frequently in earlier years and showed a downward trend, its moderately high concentrations increased annually in recent years. It implied that after the reduction of various primary pollutant concentrations, the effective reduction of O₃ pollution still remains an important issue.     

奎屯市一水厂水质现状及趋势分析

利用1996 - 2005年的地下水质监测数据,对奎屯市饮用水源地进行了现状评价,选择奎屯市一水厂作为研究目标,对总硬度、硝酸盐氮和硫酸盐三项指标的变化趋势进行分析,并对其变化成因进行了探讨.     

浅议我国天然气分布式能源的发展趋势

以天然气为燃料的分布式能源具有污染低、效率高等特点,是缓解当前能源和环保危机,实现可持续发展战略的有效途径,引起了世界能源界的广泛关注。简要叙述了我国和世界分布式能源的发展状况、现阶段存在的问题和发展趋势,对于天然气分布式能源发展具有一定的启发。     

湖州土壤重金属污染趋势预测及环境容量评价

测定了湖州市表层土壤的重金属含量,对各元素的累积趋势进行了预测,利用克里格插值法揭示了该地区土重金属环境容量的空间分布特征。结果表明各元素的累积增长率大小顺序为：Cd〉Pb〉zn〉Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Hg〉As。不同元素的环境容量差别巨大,且消耗容量的速度也有很大差异,消耗最快的元素是Pb,最慢的元素是Hg。90％以上面...     

道路交通事故发展趋势分析与预测

根据福建省2000 -2010年交通事故相关指标,采用统计图表分析法进行交通事故发展趋势分析与安全水平比较研究,结果表明交通事故各项绝对指标总体呈下降趋势,但从万车死亡率、受伤人数与死亡人数比及交通事故死亡人数占各类事故死亡人数比重等相对指标看,交通安全总体水平偏低,交通事故后果比较严重.对交通事故死亡人数与GDP、机动车保有量、公路通车里程、人口数四项影响因素进行了多元线性回归分析,分析得出四个影响因素总体对交通事故死亡人数的线性影响是显著的,采取向后筛选策略线性回归分析得出,死亡人数与GDP的线性关系是显著的,根据回归结果建立了交通事故的预测模型.     

炼油碱渣废水中硫化物去除技术的研究进展

简单介绍了炼油碱渣废水的来源及特点,综述了近年来炼油碱渣废水中硫化物的去除技术(包括沉淀技术、氧化技术、生物技术、超声波技术、电化学技术等)的研究进展。结合各技术的特点分析指出:以催化氧化为核心,以高效、经济、条件缓和为主要目标的组合工艺的优化与集成以及新型催化剂的研发,是炼油碱渣废水中硫化物去除技术的发展趋势。