衡水湖湿地水环境质量时空变化特征及污染源分析

为了评价衡水湖湿地水环境质量时空变化趋势,并对污染源进行分析.本文依据衡水湖历史水体监测点数据和2019年布设的17个采样点数据,利用综合营养状态指数、水质综合状况指数和水环境质量指数评价方法,研究了2000~2019年衡水湖水体营养状态、水质状况和水环境质量时空变化特征,分析了可能的污染物来源.结果表明,2000~2019年,衡水湖水体达到Ⅲ类水质的监测点比例不断升高,高锰酸盐指数、总氮和总磷超标是衡水湖存在的主要水环境问题.从空间上来看,衡水湖水体综合营养状态、水质状况和水环境质量3种指数整体上呈现从南部到中西部再到东北部降低的趋势.衡水湖国家级自然保护区建立后,一系列水体保护政策和措施的实施,使2000~2019年3种指数分别降低了20.9%、53.4%和49.2%,显著改善了衡水湖水环境质量.但是污水的侧渗与下泄、引水农业面源污染物的汇入,以及湖内植物枯落腐烂等也给衡水湖水环境质量带来很大的挑战.     

温带季节性分层水库浮游植物功能类群的时空演替

为探究我国北方温带季节性分层水库浮游植物群落结构的时空演替特性,于2014年7月~2015年6月对山东枣庄市水源水库周村水库进行每月2次的分层采样分析,采用Renolyds和Padisák等提出的功能类群划分方法对水库浮游植物群落进行分类,并结合水库水文、水质,分析优势功能类群时空演替规律及其主要环境影响因子.结果表明:周村水库共检出浮游植物112种,隶属于7门63属,可划分为18个功能群类.周村水库浮游植物功能类群演替具有明显的季节性分布特性:其中夏秋季热分层期主要以鞘丝藻(Lyngbya sp.)、螺旋藻属(Spirulina sp.)等丝状蓝藻为代表的S₁功能类群占优势,而冬季混合期以梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、针杆藻(Synedra sp.)等能适应低温、弱光的C+D功能类群为优势群落;浮游植物功能类群分布在垂向上并无较大差异.冗余分析(RDA)显示:热分层、降雨量和水温是影响浮游植物功能类群时空演替的主要环境因子.     

一种基于GIS的地下洞室群风网解算可视化研究

为了实现地下洞室群火灾网络模拟的可视化,利用地理信息系统及C#语言研究开发了一种风网解算系统。该系统能实现通风网络图的绘制及自动编号、解算及显示火灾烟气可能蔓延的区域,并可为相关部门制定火灾应急救援预案时提供支持     

Collective fit perceptions: A multilevel investigation of person–group fit with individual‐level and team‐level outcomes

This study describes a multilevel examination of person–group (PG) fit perceptions in a sample of 1023 individuals working in 92 teams at a private sector R&D firm. Using confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel random coefficient modeling, we provide evidence that perceptions of team‐level collective fit are unique from aggregated individual‐level PG fit perceptions at the individual and team levels. We demonstrate that collective values‐based and abilities‐based fit perceptions showed unique and positive relationships with team cohesion, team efficacy, and team performance, after accounting for aggregated individual perceptions of PG fit. Results also demonstrate that cohesion partially mediates the relationship between collective fit and team performance. Cross‐level effects were also supported, indicating that collective fit explains additional variance in individual‐level outcomes, beyond individual‐level PG fit perceptions. The usefulness of employing a multilevel approach to studying PG fit is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trophic transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a tidal freshwater marsh

The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) at Tinicum Marsh contains one of the last remaining tidal freshwater marsh communities along the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River Estuary. The marsh receives a significant load of nutrients and sediment-associated contaminants and is hypothesised to act as an effective trap for these chemicals. The goal of this study was to quantify the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at various trophic levels at two sites within Tinicum Marsh and assess the factors important in determining their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer. For both PCBs and PBDEs, lipid variation for all species was a large factor in determining contaminant body burden. Also, concentrations in biota increased with increasing trophic level as determined by nitrogen isotope analysis (δ¹⁵N values) at the downstream site within Tinicum Marsh. This trend was less apparent at the upstream site and may be due to differences in feeding behaviours among species between the two sites and/or differences in carbon and nitrogen sources and recycling. These data are valuable in assisting bioaccumulation/trophic transfer studies and serve as benchmarks to which future PCB and PBDE concentrations will be compared.     

Prioritization of applicable drivers for green supply chain management implementation toward sustainability in Thailand

ABSTRACT

It is essential that the green supply chain management (GSCM) implementation is effectively supported by several strategic drivers for successful implementation and sustainability, especially for the ‘green’ start-ups with a sustainability-driven organizational strategy. This study aims to determine and prioritize the applicable drivers for GSCM implementation of sustainable development strategies in the electronics industry in Thailand. The applicable drivers and their priorities are obtained by applying the fuzzy group decision-making approaches including fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, based on Thai experts’ perspectives. In this study, three prominent organizational theories, resource-based view, relational view, and institutional theory, are needed to explain the drivers of sustainability and to develop a hierarchical model for prioritization of the drivers. Finally, based on the findings of this study, several recommendations are made that may help to improve the sustainable development in Thailand through more effective implementation of GSCM.     

丹江口水库生态系统健康综合评价

2007年7月～2008年5月按季度对丹江口水库4个库区(丹江库区、汉江库区、取水口和五青入库区)的水环境和浮游生物进行了调查,采用生态系统健康指数(EHI)法和营养状态指数(TSI)法对该水库的生态系统健康状态进行定量的综合评价.结果表明:2007年7月～2008年5月,丹江口水库整体处于中营养状态,健康状态中等,健康状态总趋势是丹江库区>取水口>汉江库区>五青入库区;各库区生态系统健康状态存在季节性差异,丹江库区、取水口两库区全年为中等,汉江库区在夏季为较差,其它季节中等,五青入库区在冬季最差,其它季节较差.此外,对两种评价方法进行了比较,表明丹江口水库属于响应型生态系统,生态系统健康指数(EHI)适用于丹江口水库生态系统健康的评价.     

近距离煤层群叠加开采采动应力与覆岩位移场演化特征

为获得近距离煤层群叠加开采条件下采动应力与覆岩位移场的演化特征,以潘二矿近距离煤层6,7煤层地质条件为背景,采用相似模拟与工程实践相结合的方法进行了研究。结果表明:近距离煤层群叠加开采形成的覆岩宏观运移形态和特征与单一煤层开采相似,叠加开采时,覆岩呈多岩层整体协调运移的规律,具有位移叠加增长效应;7煤层的开采使覆岩起到一定的垫层作用,缓和了矿山压力,使近距离煤层叠加开采时具有应力减弱效应;与开采7煤层相比,6煤层开采过程中,周期来压步距减小,来压时支架载荷减弱,动压系数相应减小,但周期来压时,存在部分岩层发生台阶式下沉的现象。基于近距离煤层群叠加开采研究结果,在近距离煤层群开采的设备选型时,选用了高额定工作阻力的液压支架,在周期来压期间,采取了一定的辅助措施,同时加强了组织管理,生产中没有发生冲击液压支架及其他动力灾害的现象。     

Fish population dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland

Small fishes in seasonally flooded environments such as the Everglades are capable of spreading into newly flooded areas and building up substantial biomass. Passive drift cannot account for the rapidity of observed population expansions. To test the ‘reaction-diffusion’ mechanism for spread of the fish, we estimated their diffusion coefficient and applied a reaction-diffusion model. This mechanism was also too weak to account for the spatial dynamics. Two other hypotheses were tested through modeling. The first—the ‘refuge mechanism’—hypothesizes that small remnant populations of small fishes survive the dry season in small permanent bodies of water (refugia), sites where the water level is otherwise below the surface. The second mechanism, which we call the ‘dynamic ideal free distribution mechanism’ is that consumption by the fish creates a prey density gradient and that fish taxis along this gradient can lead to rapid population expansion in space. We examined the two alternatives and concluded that although refugia may play an important role in recolonization by the fish population during reflooding, only the second, taxis in the direction of the flooding front, seems capable of matching empirical observations. This study has important implications for management of wetlands, as fish biomass is an essential support of higher trophic levels.     

Safety Climate in Finnish- and Swedish-Speaking Companies

The aim of this study was to compare assessments made by Finnish- and Swedish-speaking workers in Finland about the safety climate in their companies, because an earlier study showed that the accident frequency of Swedish-speaking workers was one third lower than that of Finnish-speaking workers. 148 Finnish-speaking and 138 Swedish-speaking workers from 14 small and medium-sized companies participated in this study. They filled out a Finnish safety climate questionnaire, the reliability of which was above the acceptable level. There were no differences between the language groups in the total variables of safety climate and safety action. Based on the differences in single items, we interpreted that Swedish-speaking workers stressed collective safety more, whereas Finnish-speaking workers put more emphasis on their personal responsibility for safety.