山仔水库叶绿素a与环境因子的相关分析及富营养化评价

依据2003年3～11月对山仔水库的逐月调查和监测数据,分析叶绿素a含量的时空分布情况，探讨叶绿素a与相关环境因子的关系,并应用修正的卡尔森营养状态指数对山仔水库水质进行分析评价。结果表明，山仔水库除了3、10、11月份处于中营养状态,其余月份都处于富营养化状态。叶绿素a具有明显的时空分布特征。日溪进口和山仔水库坝前的叶绿素a含量较高;初夏和秋末出现高峰，叶绿素a含量分别高达211 mg/m^3和93mg/m^3。多元统计分析表明，与山仔水库叶绿素a含量显著相关的因子是水温和溶解氧。生物因子评价表明，山仔水库浮游藻类的种类和数量都达到了富营养化水平。     

基于人工神经网络模型的舰船防火设计方法

根据舰船实际和火灾理论,建立了舰船舱室火灾危险性的动静二类4个指标:失火危险性指标、舱室相关度指标、设备使用状态指标和人员状态指标,对舰船各种舱室的火灾危险性进行量化。笔者先给出规范中9类舱室的各指标值,应用笔者所开发的神经网络模型,建立舱室火灾危险性指标值与舱室分隔等级的关系模型,求出舱室防火分隔等级值,降低了对设计者经验的要求。运用开发的模型对某大型舱室进行防火设计,获得的结果与其他方法的结果基本一致,可供舰船防火设计时参考。     

企业分级监察模型及其应用研究

企业监察级别的划分是有效利用监察资源,提高监察绩效,实现集约型分级安全生产监察的基础.本文通过分析研究,结合我国安全生产现状,综合考虑企业自身特点和行业特性,建立了基于企业职业伤亡统计的分级监察模型,并利用该模型对柳州市502家企业的2005年监察级别进行了划分.最后,对企业分级监察模型研究中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

建筑火灾风险评价技术初探

在分析建筑火灾发生原因的基础上 ,建立了建筑火灾风险评估因素集。并运用模糊评价法对建筑物的火灾安全进行了风险评价 ,通过评价得出建筑物所属的安全等级。该方法可用于保险公司对投保建筑的鉴别与筛选 ,同时可使管理者及时采取措施 ,以减少火灾危险性。     

Regional Lake Trophic Patterns in the Northeastern United States: Three Approaches

N   = 11,076). Results were compared to a large, nonrandomly sampled data set for the same area compiled by Rohm and others and contrasted with lake trophic state information published in the National Water Quality Inventory: 1994 Report to Congress [305(b) report. Lakes across the entire Northeast were identified by EMAP data as 37.9% (±8.4%) oligotrophic, 40.1% (±9.7%) mesotrophic, 12.6% (±7.9%) eutrophic, and 9.3% (±6.3%) hypereutrophic. Lakes in the ADI and NEU generally are at a low, nearly identical trophic state (96% oligotrophic/mesotrophic), while those in the CLP are much richer (45% eutrophic). EMAP results are similar to results of the Rohm data set across the entire region. In the CLP, however, EMAP identified approximately 45% of the lakes as eutrophic/hypereutrophic, while the Rohm data set identified only 21% in these categories. Across the entire Northeast, the 305(b) report identified a much higher proportion (32.2%) of lakes in eutrophic condition and a much smaller proportion (19.8%) in oligotrophic condition than did the EMAP survey data (12.5% ± 7.9% and 37.9% ± 8.5%, respectively). Probability sampling has several advantages over nonrandom sampling when regional resource condition assessment is the goal.     

梁塘河浮游动物的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系

为研究重污染河流浮游动物分布及其与环境因子的关系,于2013年6—8月系统调查了梁塘河的水生态环境,分析浮游甲壳动物的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的相关性. 结果表明:梁塘河各采样点的营养状态指数均大于70,水体为超富营养状态. 共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物23种,其中枝角类13属15种,桡足类8属8种,枝角类生物量占浮游甲壳动物总生物量的53.17%,桡足类生物量占46.83%,主要优势种为短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti). 根据主成分分析结果,梁塘河可分为3类河段,其中ρ(NH₄+-N)较高的河段内微型裸腹溞占绝对优势,其生物量达到0.46 mg/L;ρ(Chla)较高的河段内短尾秀体溞占绝对优势,其生物量达到0.30 mg/L. 浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与透明度、ρ(Chla)均呈显著负相关,回归方程分别为y=-3.3x+4.22和y=-0.015x+4.20. 研究显示,ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(Chla)和浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数可以作为水质评价的重要指标.      

渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析

论文基于对渔业统计和海洋调查资料的集成研究,运用渔获物平均营养级指数探讨了近50 a 来渤海捕捞渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素,发现1956-2000 年间,渤海捕捞渔获物平均营养级（Y）与公元年份（X）具有Y=-0.008X+19.777 （R=-0.710,n=41,Sig.=0.000）的统计关系,渤海捕捞渔获物平均营养级每年下降约0.01。黄河入海径流量与捕捞渔获物平均营养级之间正相关性显著,其机制是淡水输入量通过改变适应不同盐度渔业资源生物幼体的相对组成而最终影响其成体后的组成结构;通过食物链的传递,水体氮磷比的升高和硅的降低也会对其产生影响;浮游动物与底栖动物生物量比值与浮游食物链和底栖食物链渔业资源生物量比值有很好的对应关系,表明上行作用对捕捞渔获物资源结构的变化具有重要影响。     

福州第二水源山仔水库营养类型的判定及变化趋势分析

对1998～2002年山仔水库监测数据．运用属性识别方法进行评价分析,其结果表明,这5年来湖泊富营养化程度有明显减弱的趋势,但1998年水体达极富营养状态．在2001年后水质有明显好转。通过判定该水库5年的营养状态,分析其变化趋势．可找出引起富营养化的原因。     

Habitat Fragmentation and Species Loss across Three Interacting Trophic Levels: Effects of Life-History and Food-Web Traits

Abstract:  Not all species are likely to be equally affected by habitat fragmentation; thus, we evaluated the effects of size of forest remnants on trophically linked communities of plants, leaf-mining insects, and their parasitoids. We explored the possibility of differential vulnerability to habitat area reduction in relation to species-specific and food-web traits by comparing species–area regression slopes. Moreover, we searched for a synergistic effect of these traits and of trophic level . We collected mined leaves and recorded plant, leaf miner, and parasitoid species interactions in five 100-m² transects in 19 Chaco Serrano woodland remnants in central Argentina. Species were classified into extreme categories according to body size, natural abundance, trophic breadth, and trophic level . Species–area slopes differed between groups with extreme values of natural abundance or trophic specialization. Nevertheless, synergistic effects of life-history and food-web traits were only found for trophic level and trophic breadth: area-related species loss was highest for specialist parasitoids. It has been suggested that species position within interaction webs could determine their vulnerability to extinction. Our results provide evidence that food-web parameters, such as trophic level and trophic breadth, affect species sensitivity to habitat fragmentation .     

当代河流系统研究中稳定性同位素的应用

对天然存在的稳定碳、氮同位素在河流系统中的有机物质（POM和DOM）来源、转换、运移规律、与沿岸生态系统的关系、河口区不同来源颗粒有机质的混合过程、河流系统中富营养的污染来源和土壤中的微生物过程、系统中的营养行为和食物来源途径以及河流有机物质在陆架上的分配、积累和运移规律的应用研究作了较为系统的论述。