循环流化床垃圾焚烧炉正压问题解决方案研究

垃圾成分的不稳定性导致循环流化床(CFB)垃圾焚烧锅炉燃烧情况不稳定,使炉膛正压冒烟,污染环境。本文提出在炉膛二次风入口处增加文丘里管,连通垃圾拨料入口的改造设计方案,来解决CFB垃圾焚烧炉的正压冒烟问题,具有设备简单、改造费用少的优点,对目前CFB焚烧垃圾的控制及污染物控制有重要参考价值及工程应用价值。     

基于正压密封方法的闭式采空区灭火技术

为提高闭式采空区密闭漏风控制效果,基于矿井空气流动基础理论,运用RFPA软件建立了注氮气室正压密封采空区数值模型,模拟分析了注氮气室正压作用对采空区密闭漏风行为的影响规律,提出了基于注氮气室正压密封方法的采空区灭火技术,并在恒大煤矿5333工作面采空区进行了应用.结果表明,在气室内氮气相对正压作用下,通风巷道向采空区漏风速度快速减小至0,并最终产生反向,形成由气室向外部微量漏氮气的状态,5333采空区采取正压密封方法后,内部CO、C2H4和温度快速消失和降低至安全范围值.     

Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water

Abstract

False positive responses on an atrazine (6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N'‐(l‐methylethyl)‐1, 3, 5‐triazine‐2, 4‐diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (>0.20 μg L^‐1) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non‐confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6‐methoxy‐N,N'‐bis(l‐methylethyl)‐1, 3, 5‐triazine‐2, 4‐diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐amino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1, 3, 5‐triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range.     

广播媒介在灾害救助中的积极作用——基于汶川等十县市的调查结果

灾害事件发生后,信息的有效传播对于灾害救助意义重大.灾害事件往往伴随电力、交通、通讯的中断,导致许多传播媒介无法发挥作用,而广播媒介因其较强的抗灾害能力在灾害信息传播过程中保持了相对畅通,成为灾害救助的重要媒介.本文介绍了广播媒介在自我救助、专业救助和社会救助中的不同作用,进一步探讨了几种常见的传播媒介的抗灾害能力,并针对广播媒介在灾害救助中存在的问题提出了一些建议.     

西南生态脆弱区域农村城镇化的生态效应和调控对策研究——以云南昭通为例

西南生态脆弱区域农村城镇化水平较低，农村城镇化对区域经济社会发展和生态环境保护具有重要的意义，但农村城镇化也存在对生态环境的影响和破坏。通过分析云南昭通农村城镇化发展的生态增殖效应和胁迫效应，提出相应的生态调控对策，为生态脆弱区城镇的可持续发展探寻更为切实的规划思路。     

水权交易第三方效应辨识研究

水权交易是提高水资源配置效率和利用效率的有效途径,且在不少缺水地区开始实施并日渐活跃.但交易过程中常常会优先考虑交易主体的利益,而交易所影响到的第三方由于没有契约保护,常常未能进入水权交易的博弈过程,第三方效应的存在是对水权市场效率和公平的严峻挑战.本文在研读大量国内外文献研究的基础上,辨识水权交易对不同的客体所产生的生态正效应、当地经济正效应、技术进步正效应三种正效应和水资源供给可靠性负效应、农村经济负效应、回流水量负效应、水质负效应、水源地负效应等七种第三方负效应.通过对这些正、负效应的辨识,揭示水权交易第三方效应的丰富外延,也有助于认识和解决水权交易中的效率和公平问题.     

A global security approach towards implementing sustainable development in southern Africa

SUMMARY

An interactive and incremental developmental approach to sustainable development is proposed. It requires broad public participation, is based on the development of a shared value system for civic society and norms which determine the behaviour of states. It is aimed at building commitment rather than directing change. This is achieved by simultaneoulsy harnessing the notions of ‘positive human survival’ adopted from Global Security theory and a co-evolutionary approach to human socio-economic constructs. Modern threats to Nation States can be regarded as ‘threats without enemies’, are not compatible with traditional views of sovereignty, and confronting such threats frequently requires co-operative behaviour and good neigbourliness from states. Principles likely to underpin an evolving shared value system for Nation states and civil society include: democracy, equity and diversity. In order to deal with the uncertainty of evolving socio-economic constructs and the conceptual pluralism inherent in modern societies, public agencies need to develop significant mediation, negotiation and facilitation skills. This view has significant implications for National and Regional policy, and the democratisation of information and the development of early warning capabilities about potential threats to human security are pivotal.     

正压法测除尘器漏风率的理论探讨

目前,漏风率测试一般在整个系统安装完成后进行,测试结果对保证除尘器漏风率指标意义不大。针对这一问题,提出在除尘器安装保温层前用正压法测除尘器的漏风率,并对该方法进行了详细介绍。     

不同卸荷速率条件下岩爆碎屑破坏特征分析

为研究卸荷速率对岩爆的影响,采用岩石真三轴伺服诱变试验系统对大理岩进行不同卸荷速率下的岩爆试验,收集试验后得到的碎屑。通过对碎屑质量、粒径以及基本尺度的测量,得到碎屑的尺度特征以及不同粒径质量的分布特征;同时对所得到的碎屑进行分形特征研究。结果表明:在岩爆过程中,存在大量破碎的块状、板状、片状以及薄片状碎屑携带大量动能向临空面崩落,其携带的动能是由岩体自身储存的能量转化而来;卸载速率对岩爆的剧烈程度有着直接的影响,卸荷速率越快,发生岩爆时其程度越剧烈。