高职高专教育环境下的大学语文课程研究

在高职高专教育环境下,大学语文课程的日益边缘化已经成为不争的事实。大学语文重不重要这一问题,原则性的答案和事实上的回答截然对立。2004年3月,内地及港澳台学者在“大学语文教学研讨会”上达成共识,他们认为:“只要不把大学办成技校,只要大学还是大学,大学语文的作用就不容忽视。”因而,现在的主要问题不是论证大学语文多么重要,而是要研究教学效果的达成。本文将通过对大学语文课程的性质定位、教学内容、教学方法和考核方式进行分析和研究,进而论证大学语文对高职学生素质和能力培养的积极意义。     

地质构造单元交接带表土中重金属污染特征对比及源解析:以重庆城口地区为例

中国地质构造复杂,不同地质构造区地质演化史差异显著,对其上发育的土壤重金属含量分布、污染特征及来源亦具有影响.以秦岭地槽和上扬子地台交界区重庆市城口县为研究区,采集表层土壤样品115件,综合运用地累积指数、污染指数和正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）分析不同地质构造单元区表土重金属含量分布、污染特征和来源.结果表明：①整体上,该区表土重金属处于中度污染水平,其中Cd为主要污染元素;②表土中Cd超标点位主要分布在乌坪断裂以北地区;③发育于秦岭地槽区埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世地层之上的土壤中重金属含量显著高于上扬子地台区相同时代地层之上的土壤;④研究区表土重金属来源主要为成土母岩风化及交通和燃煤活动,其中成土母岩风化的贡献率为75%,是控制研究区表土重金属含量分布和污染的主要因素.这为研究不同地质构造区土壤重金属含量分布、富集和来源提供了范例和科学依据.     

算术平均值及其分布

平均值和标准偏差是误差理论和数理统计理论中的两个核心问题.平均值的计算方法虽然简单,但是,它的内涵却并不是十分简单.本文以通俗的语言对平均值的本质作了深入浅出的介绍.     

罐采样-正压进样-气相色谱法测定环境空气中温室气体

建立了罐采样-正压进样-气相色谱法测定环境空气中温室气体的分析方法。用正压采样器采集环境空气样品至罐中呈正压状态,用气相色谱仪进行分析,并对氮气空白、除烃空气、不同湿度、不同环境温度、不同罐压及精确控制进样压力等因素进行研究。在最佳实验条件下,N₂O、CO₂、CH₄、SF₆和CO的方法检出限分别为7 nmol/mol、1.5μmol/mol、0.1μmol/mol、9 pmol/mol、0.2μmol/mol,标准曲线相关系数均大于0.995,低、中、高浓度水平测定结果相对标准偏差均小于2.0%。利用该法对环境空气样品进行了检测分析,与该站点现有的高精度在线监测仪器同时测定结果进行比对,比对结果较好,该方法适用于城市环境空气和无组织废气中温室气体的准确测定。     

青岛市臭氧污染与非污染期间VOCs化学特征及来源解析

青岛市夏季臭氧浓度水平高且污染事件频发,开展臭氧污染过程和非污染时期的挥发性有机物(VOCs)及其臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的精细化来源解析研究,对于有效降低沿海城市的大气臭氧污染,持续改善环境空气质量将会发挥重要的作用.因此,利用青岛市2020年夏季(6～8月)小时分辨率的在线VOCs监测数据,分析臭氧污染过程和非臭氧污染时期环境VOCs的化学特征,并通过正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型进行了环境VOCs及其OFP的精细化来源解析研究.结果表明,青岛市夏季环境ρ(TVOCs)平均值为93.8μg·m^-3,臭氧污染过程相较于非臭氧污染时期TVOCs浓度上升了49.3%,其中芳香烃浓度增加最显著,增加了59.7%.夏季环境VOCs总的OFP达到246.3μg·m^-3,臭氧污染过程相较于非臭氧污染时期环境VOCs的总OFP增加了43.1%;其中烷烃增加最多,增加了58.8%.间-乙基甲苯和2,3-二甲基戊烷是臭氧污染过程中OFP增加幅度最大的物种.青岛市夏季环境VOCs的主要贡献源为柴油车(11.2%)、溶剂使用(4.7%)、液化石油气及天然气(27....     

阳朔典型铅锌矿区流域土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

以广西阳朔县典型铅锌矿为研究对象,对其流域内水系表层土壤中10种金属元素（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Hg和Pb）含量进行分析测定.综合运用Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）等多种方法,识别和定量解析污染源及贡献.在168个表层土壤样本分析数据中,土壤中Zn、Cd、Hg和Pb的含量平均值高于国家土壤环境质量标准,Sb、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量平均值分别比当地背景值高出约1.01、5.50、3.29、9.11和10.67倍,表明重金属在表层土壤中已经富集.土壤重金属地累积指数（I_geo）结果显示,研究区污染最严重的是Hg,其次为Pb、Zn和Mn.相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,区内表层土壤中金属污染来源较为复杂,且明显受到人为活动的影响.Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、As和Pb主要来源于采矿活动;Hg、Cr和Ni由土壤母质控制;Mn和Cd主要来源于工矿与农业活动.PMF模型分析结果表明,表层土壤中金属来源分为3种,工矿活动源、自然源和工矿及农业活动复合源的综合贡献率分别为58.0%、13.5%和28.6%.Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Hg和Pb以工矿活动源为主,贡献率分别为46.9%、89.6%、45.5%、67.8%、99.3%、58.3%和96.8%;母岩矿物风化和降雨冲刷等自然源对Cr的相对贡献率达到44.6%,对Ni和Hg也分别有23.2%和21.0%的相对贡献率;工矿及农业活动的复合源对Mn和Cd的相对贡献率分别达到75.4%和70.4%.     

一起正压式呼吸器发生爆脱的原因分析

描述了正压式呼吸器发生爆脱的事故经过、正压式呼吸器的工作原理及正压式呼吸器减压阀的主要作用,对事故进行了原因分析,并提出防范措施。     

A meta‐analysis of the antecedents of work–family enrichment

This study meta‐analytically examined theoretically derived antecedents of both directions of work–family enrichment (sometimes labeled facilitation or positive spillover), namely, work–family enrichment and family–work enrichment. Contextual and personal characteristics specific to each domain were examined. Resource‐providing (e.g., social support and work autonomy) and resource‐depleting (e.g., role overload) contextual characteristics were considered. Domain‐specific personal characteristics included the individuals' psychological involvement in each domain, the centrality of each domain, and work engagement. Results based on 767 correlations from 171 independent studies published between 1990 and 2016 indicate that several contextual and personal characteristics have significant relationships with enrichment. Although those associated with work tend to have stronger relationships with work–family enrichment and those associated with family tend to have stronger relationships with family–work enrichment, several antecedent variables have significant relationships with both directions of enrichment. Resource‐providing contextual characteristics tend to have stronger relationships with enrichment than do resource‐depleting characteristics. There was very little evidence of gender being a moderator of relationships between contextual characteristics and enrichment. Lastly, meta‐analytic structural equation modeling provided evidence that a theoretical path model wherein work engagement mediates between several contextual characteristics and enrichment is largely generalizable across populations.     

离子色谱法测定降水中的阳离子

应用Waters新型阳离子分离柱快速，准确地一次性同时测定降水中阳离子（Na^ ,NH4^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 )，该方法具有良好的精密度、线性相关系数和加标回收率。     

Energy at work: A measurement validation and linkage to unit effectiveness

We introduce the notion that the energy of individuals can manifest as a higher‐level, collective construct. To this end, we conducted four independent studies to investigate the viability and importance of the collective energy construct as assessed by a new survey instrument—the productive energy measure (PEM). Study 1 (n = 2208) included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to explore the underlying factor structure of PEM. Study 2 (n = 660) cross‐validated the same factor structure in an independent sample. In study 3, we administered the PEM to more than 5000 employees from 145 departments located in five countries. Results from measurement invariance, statistical aggregation, convergent, and discriminant‐validity assessments offered additional support for the construct validity of PEM. In terms of predictive and incremental validity, the PEM was positively associated with three collective attitudes—units' commitment to goals, the organization, and overall satisfaction. In study 4, we explored the relationship between the productive energy of firms and their overall performance. Using data from 92 firms (n = 5939_employees), we found a positive relationship between the PEM (aggregated to the firm level) and the performance of those firms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.